ArticleInfluenza and other respiratory viruses2013
Evaluation of obesity as an independent risk factor for medically attended laboratory-confirmed influenza.
Article in Influenza and other respiratory viruses, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Obesity Increases the Severity and Mortality of Influenza and COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2020Pooled it
- Assessing the relationship between body mass index and influenza-like illness risk and symptom severity among military health system beneficiaries vaccinated against influenza: a pooled prospective cohort study from a randomized trial.Frontiers in public health · 2026Trial
- Obesity in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Effects on Inflammation, Immune System, Susceptibility to Viral Infections, and Mortality.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Effect of Undernutrition and Obesity on Clinical Outcomes in Adults with Community-Acquired Pneumonia.Nutrients · 2022Review
- Obesity and infectious diseases: pathophysiology and epidemiology of a double pandemic condition.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2022Review
- Obesity and Metabolic Dysregulation in Children Provide Protective Influenza Vaccine Responses.Viruses · 2022Article
- Influenza Vaccine is Protective Against Laboratory-confirmed Influenza in Obese Children.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2016Article
- Obesity not associated with severity among hospitalized adults with seasonal influenza virus infection.Infection · 2015Article
- Review
- The association between obesity and outpatient visits for acute respiratory infections in Ontario, Canada.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2014Article
- Obesity as a risk factor for severe influenza-like illness.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2014Article
- Relationship between community prevalence of obesity and associated behavioral factors and community rates of influenza-related hospitalizations in the United States.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2013Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe relationship between obesity and susceptibility to influenza infection in humans is unclear. Morbidly obese people were at an increased risk of complications from 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza [A(H1N1)pdm09].
objectiveThe goal of this study was to determine whether medically attended, laboratory-confirmed influenza is independently associated with obesity in adults with acute respiratory illness. PATIENTS/
methodsAdults ≥20 years with a medical encounter for acute respiratory illness were recruited from a population cohort during the 2007-2008 (n = 903), 2008-2009 (n = 869), and 2009 pandemic (n = 851) season. Nasopharyngeal swabs were tested for influenza by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated using data from the electronic medical record. Logistic regression evaluated the association between influenza and obesity, adjusting for gender, vaccination, age, and high-risk medical condition.
resultsInfluenza was detected in 50% of patients in 2007-2008, 15% in 2008-2009, and 14% during the 2009 pandemic. Predominant seasonal viruses in this population were A/H3N2 in 2007-2008, and A/H1N1 and B in 2008-2009. Mean (±SD) BMI was 30·58 (±7·31) in patients with influenza and 30·93 (±7·55) in test-negative controls during all seasons. Mean BMI of patients with influenza did not vary by season. After adjusting for confounders, neither obesity nor extreme obesity were associated with influenza by season or for all years combined (OR 0·95: 95% CI 0·75, 1·20 and 1·10: 0·80, 1·52, respectively, for obesity and extreme obesity, all years).
conclusionsObesity was not associated with medically attended influenza among adults with acute respiratory illness in this population.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.