ArticlePlant molecular biology2012
Apoplastic and cytoplasmic location of harpin protein Hpa1Xoo plays different roles in H2O2 generation and pathogen resistance in Arabidopsis.
Article in Plant molecular biology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Distinct immune pathways activated by harpin proteins inPhysiology and molecular biology of plants : an international journal of functional plant biology · 2025Article
- PbHsfC1a-coordinates ABA biosynthesis and HPlant biotechnology journal · 2024Article
- Join the green team: Inducers of plant immunity in the plant disease sustainable control toolbox.Journal of advanced research · 2024Review
- Review
- The stability of the coiled-coil structure near to N-terminus influence the heat resistance of harpin proteins from Xanthomonas.BMC microbiology · 2020Article
- Three Proteins (Hpa2, HrpF and XopN) Are Concomitant Type III Translocators in Bacterial Blight Pathogen of Rice.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- The Type III Accessory Protein HrpE ofMicroorganisms · 2019Article
- Plant Aquaporins in Infection by and Immunity Against Pathogens - A Critical Review.Frontiers in plant science · 2019Article
- Hpa1 is a type III translocator in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae.BMC microbiology · 2018Article
- Harpin Hpa1 promotes flower development in Impatiens and Parochetus plants.Botanical studies · 2016Article
- Plant Aquaporin AtPIP1;4 Links Apoplastic H2O2 Induction to Disease Immunity Pathways.Plant physiology · 2016Article
- Harpin Hpa1 Interacts with Aquaporin PIP1;4 to Promote the Substrate Transport and Photosynthesis in Arabidopsis.Scientific reports · 2015Article
- Key steps in type III secretion system (T3SS) towards translocon assembly with potential sensor at plant plasma membrane.Molecular plant pathology · 2015Review
- Expression of turtle riboflavin-binding protein represses mitochondrial electron transport gene expression and promotes flowering in Arabidopsis.BMC plant biology · 2014Article
- Ectopically expressed sweet pepper ferredoxin PFLP enhances disease resistance to Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum affected by harpin and protease-mediated hypersensitive response in Arabidopsis.Molecular plant pathology · 2014Article
- Downregulation of leaf flavin content induces early flowering and photoperiod gene expression in Arabidopsis.BMC plant biology · 2014Article
- Article
- Transgenic expression of a functional fragment of harpin protein Hpa1 in wheat induces the phloem-based defence against English grain aphid.Journal of experimental botany · 2014Article
- Hpa1 harpin needs nitroxyl terminus to promote vegetative growth and leaf photosynthesis in Arabidopsis.Journal of biosciences · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Harpin proteins secreted by phytopathogenic bacteria have been shown to activate the plant defense pathway, which involves transduction of a hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) signal generated in the apoplast. However, the way in which harpins are recognized in the pathway and what role the apoplastic H(2)O(2) plays in plant defenses are unclear. Here, we examine whether the cellular localization of Hpa1(Xoo), a harpin protein produced by the rice bacterial leaf blight pathogen, impacts H(2)O(2) production and pathogen resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Transformation with the hpa1 (Xoo) gene and hpa1 (Xoo) fused to an apoplastic localization signal (shpa1 (Xoo)) generated h pa1 (Xoo)- and sh pa1 (Xoo)-expressing transgenic A . t haliana (HETAt and SHETAt) plants, respectively. Hpa1(Xoo) was associated with the apoplast in SHETAt plants but localized inside the cell in HETAt plants. In addition, Hpa1(Xoo) localization accompanied H(2)O(2) accumulation in both the apoplast and cytoplasm of SHETAt plants but only in the cytoplasm of HETAt plants. Apoplastic H(2)O(2) production via nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX) located in the plasma membrane is a common feature of plant defenses. In SHETAt plants, H(2)O(2) was generated in apoplasts in a NOX-dependent manner but accumulated to a greater extent in the cytoplasm than in the apoplast. After being applied to the wild-type plant, Hpa1(Xoo) localized to apoplasts and stimulated H(2)O(2) production as in SHETAt plants. In both plants, inhibiting apoplastic H(2)O(2) generation abrogated both cytoplasmic H(2)O(2) accumulation and plant resistance to bacterial pathogens. These results suggest the possibility that the apoplastic H(2)O(2) is subject to a cytoplasmic translocation for participation in the pathogen defense.
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