ArticleAnnals of the rheumatic diseases2012
The XX sex chromosome complement in mice is associated with increased spontaneous lupus compared with XY.
Article in Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 100 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex-dependent mechanisms in rheumatic diseases.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2026Review
- Deficiency in circulating T cells in four core genotypes mice with Sry translocation.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Article
- Highlight on Dr. Rhonda Voskuhl: a pioneer in the exploration of sex differences in the immune response.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- Escape From X Chromosome Inactivation as a Driver of Plasmacytoid DC Heterogeneity in Health and Disease.Immunological reviews · 2025Review
- Deletion of the X-chromosomal geneScience translational medicine · 2025Article
- Sex Bias in Autoimmunity: New Findings and New Opportunities.JID innovations : skin science from molecules to population health · 2025Review
- Exploring MHC class II I-Ab blockade as a potential treatment for Sjögren's disease in the mouse model.ImmunoHorizons · 2025Article
- The Inactive X Chromosome: A Genetic Driver of Female-Biased Rheumatic Autoimmune Disorders?European journal of immunology · 2025Review
- Sex-dependent gastrointestinal colonization resistance to MRSA is microbiota and Th17 dependent.eLife · 2025Article
- Synergistic Effects of Extra X Chromosome on Development of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Sjögren Disease in Klinefelter and Triple X Syndrome: A Retrospective Cohort Study.ACR open rheumatology · 2025Article
- Sex-specific circRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension: a pilot study.Frontiers in genetics · 2025Article
- Article
- Female-bias in systemic lupus erythematosus: How much is the X chromosome to blame?Biology of sex differences · 2024Review
- Sex difference in human diseases: mechanistic insights and clinical implications.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- XX sex chromosome complement modulates immune responses to heat-killed Streptococcus pneumoniae immunization in a microbiome-dependent manner.Biology of sex differences · 2024Article
- XX sex chromosome complement modulates immune responses to heat-killed Streptococcus pneumoniae immunization in a microbiome-dependent manner.Research square · 2023Article
- Impaired dynamic X-chromosome inactivation maintenance in T cells is a feature of spontaneous murine SLE that is exacerbated in female-biased models.Journal of autoimmunity · 2023Article
- Gene-environment interactions and their impact on human health.Genes and immunity · 2023Review
- Sex differences in the neuronal transcriptome and synaptic mitochondrial function in the cerebral cortex of a multiple sclerosis model.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- The Influence of Sex Hormones and X Chromosome in Immune Responses.Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesMany autoimmune diseases are characterised by a female predominance. This may be caused by sex hormones, sex chromosomes or both. This report uses a transgenic mouse model to investigate how sex chromosome complement, not confounded by differences in gonadal type, might contribute to lupus pathogenesis.
methodsTransgenic NZM2328 mice were created by deletion of the Sry gene from the Y chromosome, thereby separating genetic from gonadal sex. Survival, renal histopathology and markers of immune activation were compared in mice carrying the XX versus the XY(-) sex chromosome complement, with each genotype being ovary bearing.
resultsMice with XX sex chromosome complement compared with XY(-) exhibited poorer survival rates and increased kidney pathology. Splenic T lymphocytes from XX mice demonstrated upregulated X-linked CD40 ligand expression and higher levels of activation markers ex vivo. Increased MMP, TGF and IL-13 production was found, while IL-2 was lower in XX mice. An accumulation of splenic follicular B cells and peritoneal marginal zone B cells was observed, coupled with upregulated costimulatory marker expression on B cells in XX mice.
conclusionThese data show that the XX sex chromosome complement, compared with XY(-), is associated with accelerated spontaneous lupus.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.