Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22580095›Full record

SynthesisPreventive medicine2012

The use of incentives to reinforce medication adherence.

Anthony DeFulio, Kenneth Silverman

Registry-linked trialAbstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Preventive medicine, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02224417 (A Randomized Controlled Trial to Improve Diabetes Outcomes Through Financial Incentives), which is not on this map. Cited by 79 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
79citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT02224417 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2015, after this paper: background citation

A Randomized Controlled Trial to Improve Diabetes Outcomes Through Financial Incentives

TypeinterventionalSponsorDuke-NUS Graduate Medical SchoolRan2015 to 2018Enrolled240ConditionsType 2 Diabetes MellitusArmsDiabetes Educational Program (DEP), DEP + Process Incentive, DEP + Outcome Incentive
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

79 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Impact of Interventions on Medication Adherence in Patients With Coexisting Diabetes and Hypertension.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2024
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  16. Employment-based reinforcement of adherence to oral naltrexone in unemployed injection drug users: 12-month outcomes.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2015
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19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Anthony DeFulioJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5200 Eastern Avenue, Baltimore MD 21224, USA. defulio@jhmi.edu
Kenneth Silverman

Funding

Employment-Based Depot Naltrexone Clinical TrialR01DA019497 · NIDA · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI SILVERMAN, KENNETH · 2005 to 2016
$6.3M
A Bridge to Treatment for Out-of-Treatment Injection Heroin UsersR01DA023864 · NIDA · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI SILVERMAN, KENNETH · 2007 to 2011
$3.2M
Employment-Based Addiction PharmacotherapyR01DA019386 · NIDA · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI SILVERMAN, KENNETH · 2005 to 2009
$3.1M
NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA019386NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA019497NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA023864
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivePoor medication adherence is a longstanding problem, and is especially pertinent for individuals with chronic conditions or diseases. Adherence to medications can improve patient outcomes and greatly reduce the cost of care. The purpose of the present review is to describe the literature on the use of incentives as applied to the problem of medication adherence.

methodsWe conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed empirical evaluations of incentives provided to patients contingent upon medication adherence.

resultsThis review suggests that incentive-based medication adherence interventions can be very effective, but there are few controlled studies. The studies on incentive-based medication adherence interventions most commonly feature patients taking medication for drug or alcohol dependence, HIV, or latent tuberculosis. Across studies that reported percent adherence comparisons, incentives increased adherence by a mean of 20 percentage points, but effects varied widely. Cross-study comparisons indicate a positive relationship between the value of the incentive and the impact of the intervention. Post-intervention evaluations were rare, but tended to find that adherence effects diminish after the interventions are discontinued.

conclusionsIncentive-based medication adherence interventions are promising but understudied. A significant challenge for research in this area is the development of sustainable and cost-effective long-term interventions.

Indexed as

Medication AdherenceRewardAlcoholismEvaluation Studies as TopicHealth BehaviorHealth PromotionHIV InfectionsHumansLatent TuberculosisMotivationSubstance-Related DisordersUnited States

Identifiers

PMID22580095
PMCPMC3424340

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.