ArticleToxicology and applied pharmacology2012
Dose-response assessment of nephrotoxicity from a twenty-eight-day combined-exposure to melamine and cyanuric acid in F344 rats.
Article in Toxicology and applied pharmacology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Urinary Excretion of Cyanuric Acid in Association with Urolithiasis: A Matched Case-Control Study in Shanghai Adults.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Melamine disrupts spatial reversal learning and learning strategy via inhibiting hippocampal BDNF-mediated neural activity.PloS one · 2021Article
- Evaluation of the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects by melamine and cyanuric acid co-exposure in human embryonic kidney 293 cells.Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologica · 2020Article
- Guidance on harmonised methodologies for human health, animal health and ecological risk assessment of combined exposure to multiple chemicals.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2019Article
- Effects of a 28-day dietary co-exposure to melamine and cyanuric acid on the levels of serum microRNAs in male and female Fisher 344 rats.Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association · 2016Article
- Ovarian Toxicity in Female Rats after Oral Administration of Melamine or Melamine and Cyanuric Acid.PloS one · 2016Article
- The selective NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin has potential prophylactic effects on melamine-related nephrolithiasis in vitro and in vivo.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2015Article
- Proceedings of the 2013 National Toxicology Program Satellite Symposium.Toxicologic pathology · 2014Article
- Depletion of melamine and cyanuric acid in kidney of catfish Ictalurus punctatus and trout Oncorhynchus mykiss.Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics · 2013Article
- Performance of urinary and gene expression biomarkers in detecting the nephrotoxic effects of melamine and cyanuric acid following diverse scenarios of co-exposure.Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association · 2013Article
- Timing and route of exposure affects crystal formation in melamine and cyanuric exposed male and female rats: gavage vs. feeding.Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association · 2012Article
- Urinary biomarker detection of melamine- and cyanuric acid-induced kidney injury in rats.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The adulteration of pet food with melamine and derivatives, including cyanuric acid, has been implicated in the kidney failure and death of cats and dogs in the USA and other countries. In a previous 7-day dietary study in F344 rats, we established a no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for a co-exposure to melamine and cyanuric acid of 8.6 mg/kg bw/day of each compound, and a benchmark dose lower confidence limit (BMDL) of 8.4-10.9 mg/kg bw/day of each compound. To ascertain the role played by the duration of exposure, we treated F344 rats for 28 days. Groups of male and female rats were fed diet containing 0 (control), 30, 60, 120, 180, 240, or 360 ppm of both melamine and cyanuric acid. The lowest dose that produced histopathological alterations in the kidney was 120 ppm, versus 229 ppm in the 7-day study. Wet-mount analysis of kidney sections demonstrated the formation of melamine cyanurate spherulites in one male and two female rats at the 60 ppm dose and in one female rat at the 30 ppm dose, establishing a NOAEL of 2.1mg/kg bw/day for males and <2.6 mg/kg bw/day for females, and BMDL values as low as 1.6 mg/kg bw/day for both sexes. These data demonstrate that the length of exposure is an important component in the threshold of toxicity from a co-exposure to these compounds and suggest that the current risk assessments based on exposures to melamine alone may not reflect sufficiently the risk of a co-exposure to melamine and cyanuric acid.
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