ArticleImmunity2012
Interleukin-21 receptor-mediated signals control autoreactive T cell infiltration in pancreatic islets.
Article in Immunity, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Number of Donor-Specific IL-21 Producing Cells Before and After Transplantation Predicts Kidney Graft Rejection.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Trial
- Modulating immune response for the prevention and treatment of type 1 diabetes.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- IL-21 mediates crosstalk between T cells and NK cells during the remission of type 1 diabetes.Nature metabolism · 2026Article
- An interleukin-27-centered cytokine circuit regulates macrophage and T cell interactions in autoimmune diabetes.iScience · 2025Article
- Disease-modifying pharmacological treatments of type 1 diabetes: Molecular mechanisms, target checkpoints, and possible combinatorial treatments.Pharmacological reviews · 2025Review
- The effects of interleukin-21 in the biology of transplant rejection.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Immunotherapy in type 1 diabetes: Novel pathway to the future ahead.World journal of diabetes · 2024Article
- PDIA3 orchestrates effector T cell program by serving as a chaperone to facilitate the non-canonical nuclear import of STAT1 and PKM2.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2024Article
- Spontaneous immunological activities in the target tissue of vitiligo-prone Smyth and vitiligo-susceptible Brown lines of chicken.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Pancreatic draining lymph nodes (PLNs) serve as a pathogenic hub contributing to the development of type 1 diabetes.Cell & bioscience · 2023Review
- IL-21/IL-21R Promotes the Pro-Inflammatory Effects of Macrophages duringInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes in Children: A Worthy Challenge?International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Review
- Heterogeneity of Islet-Infiltrating IL-21+ CD4 T Cells in a Mouse Model of Type 1 Diabetes.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2023Article
- Therapeutic Strategies Targeting Pancreatic Islet β-Cell Proliferation, Regeneration, and Replacement.Endocrinology · 2022Article
- New therapeutic approaches for type 1 diabetes: Disease-modifying therapies.World journal of diabetes · 2022Review
- Activation pathways that drive CD4Immunological reviews · 2022Review
- Association of interleukin-2, interleukin-21 and interleukin-23 with hyperlipidemia in pediatric type 1 diabetes.Molecular biology reports · 2021Article
- Current and future therapies for type 1 diabetes.Diabetologia · 2021Review
- The Half-Life-Extended IL21 can Be Combined With Multiple Checkpoint Inhibitors for Tumor Immunotherapy.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Article
- Cytokines in type 1 diabetes: mechanisms of action and immunotherapeutic targets.Clinical & translational immunology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
It remains unclear how interleukin-21 receptor (IL-21R) contributes to type 1 diabetes. Here we have shown that dendritic cells (DCs) in the pancreas required IL-21R not for antigen uptake, but to acquire the chemokine receptor CCR7 and migrate into the draining lymph node. Consequently, less antigen, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, and CD86 was provided to autoreactive effector cells in Il21r(-/-) mice, impairing CD4(+) T cell activation, CD40:CD40L interactions, and pancreatic infiltration by autoreactive T cells. CD40 crosslinking restored defective CD4(+) cell expansion and CD4 independently expanded autoreactive CD8(+) cells, but CD8(+) cells still required CD4(+) cells to reach the pancreas and induce diabetes. Diabetes induction by transferred T cells required IL-21R-sufficient host antigen-presenting cells. Transferring IL-21R-sufficient DCs broke diabetes resistance in Il21r(-/-) mice. We conclude that IL-21R controls both antigen transport by DCs and the crucial beacon function of CD4(+) cells for autoreactive CD8(+) cells to reach the islets.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.