Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22578154›Full record

ArticleBMC public health2012

Socioeconomic inequalities in mortality from conditions amenable to medical interventions: do they reflect inequalities in access or quality of health care?

Iris Plug, Rasmus Hoffmann, Barbara Artnik, Matthias Bopp, Carme Borrell, Giuseppe Costa, Patrick Deboosere, Santi Esnaola, Ramune Kalediene, Mall Leinsalu and 7 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC public health, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed
5.1field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed, 64 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Observational
  2. Educational Disparities in Age-Related Hearing Loss and Hearing Aid Use Across Age, Gender, and European Region.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2025
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  8. Area-Based Socio-Economic Inequalities in Mortality from Lung Cancer and Respiratory Diseases.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019
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  12. Observational
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors at 16 institutions in 13 countries.

Iris PlugDepartment of Public Health, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
Rasmus Hoffmann
Barbara Artnik
Matthias Bopp
Carme Borrell
Giuseppe Costa
Patrick Deboosere
Santi Esnaola
Ramune Kalediene
Mall Leinsalu
Olle Lundberg
Pekka Martikainen
Enrique Regidor
Jitka Rychtarikova
Björn Heine Strand
Bogdan Wojtyniak
Johan P Mackenbach
Erasmus University Rotterdam · NLAgència de Salut Pública de Catalunya · ESBasque Government · ESCentre for Health Equity Studies · SECharles University · CZCommunity Health Centre Ljubljana · SIErasmus MC · NLInstitute of Social and Preventive Medicine · CHLithuanian University of Health Sciences · LTNational Institute for Health Development · EENational Institute of Public Health · PLNorwegian Institute of Public Health · NOUniversidad Complutense de Madrid · ESUniversity of Helsinki · FIUniversity of Turin · ITVrije Universiteit Brussel · BE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPrevious studies have reported large socioeconomic inequalities in mortality from conditions amenable to medical intervention, but it is unclear whether these can be attributed to inequalities in access or quality of health care, or to confounding influences such as inequalities in background risk of diseases. We therefore studied whether inequalities in mortality from conditions amenable to medical intervention vary between countries in patterns which differ from those observed for other (non-amenable) causes of death. More specifically, we hypothesized that, as compared to non-amenable causes, inequalities in mortality from amenable causes are more strongly associated with inequalities in health care use and less strongly with inequalities in common risk factors for disease such as smoking.

methodsCause-specific mortality data for people aged 30-74 years were obtained for 14 countries, and were analysed by calculating age-standardized mortality rates and relative risks comparing a lower with a higher educational group. Survey data on health care use and behavioural risk factors for people aged 30-74 years were obtained for 12 countries, and were analysed by calculating age-and sex-adjusted odds ratios comparing a low with a higher educational group. Patterns of association were explored by calculating correlation coefficients.

resultsIn most countries and for most amenable causes of death substantial inequalities in mortality were observed, but inequalities in mortality from amenable causes did not vary between countries in patterns that are different from those seen for inequalities in non-amenable mortality. As compared to non-amenable causes, inequalities in mortality from amenable causes are not more strongly associated with inequalities in health care use. Inequalities in mortality from amenable causes are also not less strongly associated with common risk factors such as smoking.

conclusionsWe did not find evidence that inequalities in mortality from amenable conditions are related to inequalities in access or quality of health care. Further research is needed to find the causes of socio-economic inequalities in mortality from amenable conditions, and caution should be exercised in interpreting these inequalities as indicating health care deficiencies.

Indexed as

Healthcare DisparitiesQuality of Health CareAdultAgedDatabases, FactualEducational StatusEuropeFollow-Up StudiesHumansMiddle AgedMortalityRisk FactorsSocioeconomic Factors

Identifiers

PMID22578154
PMCPMC3413570
OpenAlexW2164767473

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.