ArticleJournal of immunotherapy (Hagerstown, Md. : 1997)2012
Sequential immunotherapy by vaccination with GM-CSF-expressing glioma cells and CTLA-4 blockade effectively treats established murine intracranial tumors.
Article in Journal of immunotherapy (Hagerstown, Md. : 1997), 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 119 citations in OpenAlex.
- The prognostic value of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 in cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2017Pooled it
- Defining the effects of age and gender on immune response and outcomes to melanoma vaccination: a retrospective analysis of a single-institution clinical trials' experience.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2015Trial
- Type I MET inhibitors cooperate with PD-1 blockade to promote rejection of hepatocellular carcinoma.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2024Article
- Live-attenuated Japanese encephalitis virus inhibits glioblastoma growth and elicits potent antitumor immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Review
- Understanding of Immune Escape Mechanisms and Advances in Cancer Immunotherapy.Journal of oncology · 2022Review
- Whole-body PET Imaging of T-cell Response to Glioblastoma.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2021Article
- Intracerebral administration of CTLA-4 and PD-1 immune checkpoint blocking monoclonal antibodies in patients with recurrent glioblastoma: a phase I clinical trial.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2021Article
- Targeting macrophages in cancer immunotherapy.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2021Article
- Clinical implication of cellular vaccine in glioma: current advances and future prospects.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2020Review
- Radiomic profiles in diffuse glioma reveal distinct subtypes with prognostic value.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2020Article
- Article
- T lymphocyte-targeted immune checkpoint modulation in glioma.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2020Review
- Brain immunology and immunotherapy in brain tumours.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2020Review
- Immune Checkpoint Targeted Therapy in Glioma: Status and Hopes.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- In vivo CRISPR screening in CD8 T cells with AAV-Sleeping Beauty hybrid vectors identifies membrane targets for improving immunotherapy for glioblastoma.Nature biotechnology · 2019Article
- PD-L1 checkpoint blockade delivered by retroviral replicating vector confers anti-tumor efficacy in murine tumor models.Oncotarget · 2019Article
- Targeting Myeloid Cells in Combination Treatments for Glioma and Other Tumors.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors: Advances and impact in neuro-oncology.Surgical neurology international · 2019Article
- Glioblastoma Treatment Modalities besides Surgery.Journal of Cancer · 2019Review
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Malignant glioma is an incurable disease with a relatively short median survival. Several clinical trials have demonstrated that immunotherapy with vaccination is a safe and possibly effective way of prolonging survival. Antibody-based blockade of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) ligation on T lymphocytes is associated with enhanced antitumor immunity in animal models of cancer and in patients with advanced melanoma. We hypothesized that sequential therapy with granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-expressing whole-glioma-cell vaccination and CTLA-4 blockade is an effective strategy for treating established intracranial gliomas. GL261 glioma cells were injected into the right frontal lobes of syngeneic C57/BL6 mice. At days 3, 6, and 9 after tumor implantation, mice were treated with subcutaneous injection of irradiated GM-CSF-expressing GL261 cells. Mice were also treated with intraperitoneal injection of anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), either at days 3, 6, and 9 or days 12, 15, and 18. Animals were followed for survival. Splenocytes were harvested at day 22 for use in enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assays. Early treatment of established intracranial gliomas with high-dose CTLA-4 blockade was associated with increased survival in GL261-bearing mice. Later treatment with anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibodies did not significantly improve survival compared with control-treated mice. Early vaccination followed by subsequent CTLA-4 blockade was associated with significantly improved survival versus either treatment alone and intensified tumor-specific immunity as measured by interferon-γ enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay. Sequential immunotherapy with GM-CSF-expressing irradiated glioma cells and CTLA-4 blockade synergistically prolongs survival in mice bearing established intracranial gliomas.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.