ArticleThe Journal of pediatrics2012
Delayed onset lactogenesis II predicts the cessation of any or exclusive breastfeeding.
Article in The Journal of pediatrics, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 142 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mechanistic Pathways Underlying Breastfeeding Challenges Following Cesarean Delivery: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of antenatal breast milk expression on maternal and infant outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Pooled it
- Incidence and factors influencing delayed onset of lactation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International breastfeeding journal · 2024Pooled it
- Risk factors for self-reported insufficient milk during the first 6 months of life: A systematic review.Maternal & child nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- Does Antenatal Expressing Affect Onset of Lactogenesis for Women With Diabetes? Results From a Randomised Controlled Trial and Cohort Study.The Australian & New Zealand journal of obstetrics & gynaecology · 2025Trial
- Potential effect of immediate postpartum use of injectable contraception on lactogenesis.Contraception · 2025Trial
- Structured antenatal milk expression education for nulliparous pregnant people: results of a pilot, randomized controlled trial in the United States.International breastfeeding journal · 2022Trial
- Early Postpartum Patterns of Breastfeeding Exclusivity and Perceived Insufficient Milk by Prepregnancy Body Mass Index.Journal of obstetric, gynecologic, and neonatal nursing : JOGNN · 2022Trial
- Effect of Postpartum Depo Medroxyprogesterone Acetate on Lactation in Mothers of Very Low-Birth-Weight Infants.Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine · 2021Trial
- Timing of milk expression following delivery in mothers delivering preterm very low birth weight infants: a randomized trial.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2020Trial
- Maternal Sense of Control During Childbirth and Infant Feeding Method.Obstetrics and gynecology · 2020Trial
- "It gave me so much confidence": First-time U.S. mothers' experiences with antenatal milk expression.Maternal & child nutrition · 2019Trial
- Early initiation and regular breast milk expression reduces risk of lactogenesis II delay in at-risk Singaporean mothers in a randomised trial.Singapore medical journal · 2019Trial
- Maternal pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity and gestational diabetes interaction on delayed breastfeeding initiation.PloS one · 2018Trial
- Focused breastfeeding counselling improves short- and long-term success in an early-discharge setting: A cluster-randomized study.Maternal & child nutrition · 2017Trial
- The Expanded Biopsychosocial Model Elucidates the Association Between Pre-Pregnancy Overweight/Obesity and Delayed Lactogenesis II: A Prospective Cohort Study.Maternal & child nutrition · 2026Article
- Exploring Risk Factors Associated With Early Mother's Own Milk Feeding Cessation in Very Low Birth Weight Infants.Maternal & child nutrition · 2025Article
- Genomic characterization of normal and aberrant human milk production.Science advances · 2025Article
- Association of Pre- and Gestational Conditions and Barriers to Breastfeeding with Exclusive Breastfeeding Practices.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Among US Women.JAMA network open · 2025Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate the association between delayed lactogenesis II (>3 days postpartum; delayed onset lactogenesis II [DLII]) and the cessation of any and exclusive breastfeeding at 4-weeks postpartum. STUDY
designWe constructed multivariable logistic regression models using data from 2491 mothers enrolled in the prospective Infant Feeding Practice Study II cohort. Models included DLII, known risk factors for breastfeeding cessation (age, education, race, parity/previous breastfeeding, and exclusive breastfeeding plan), and potential confounders identified in bivariate analyses (P ≤ .1). Backward selection processes (P ≤ .1) determined risk factor retention in the final model.
resultsDLII was associated with cessation of any and exclusive breastfeeding at 4-weeks postpartum (OR 1.62; CI 1.14-2.31; OR 1.62; CI 1.18-2.22, respectively); numerous independent risk factors qualified for inclusion in the multivariable model(s) and were associated with the outcome(s) of interest (eg, supplemental nutrition program for women, infants, and children enrollment, onset of prenatal care, feeding on-demand, time initiated first breastfeed, hospital rooming-in, obstetric provider preference for exclusive breastfeeding, and maternal tobacco use).
conclusionsWomen experiencing DLII may be less able to sustain any and/or exclusive breastfeeding in the early postpartum period. Routine assessment of DLII in postpartum breastfeeding follow-up is warranted. Women with DLII may benefit from additional early postpartum interventions to support favorable breastfeeding outcomes.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.