Trial reportAmerican journal of epidemiology2012
Vitamin D supplementation and depression in the women's health initiative calcium and vitamin D trial.
Trial report in American journal of epidemiology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 111 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in patients diagnosed with depression: a dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Has a High Dose of Vitamin D3 Impacted Health Conditions in Older Adults?-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Focusing on Dose 100,000 IU.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- Effect of vitamin D supplementation on the incidence and prognosis of depression: An updated meta-analysis based on randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in public health · 2022Pooled it
- Non-skeletal health effects of vitamin D supplementation: A systematic review on findings from meta-analyses summarizing trial data.PloS one · 2017Pooled it
- Vitamin D and depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing studies with and without biological flaws.Nutrients · 2014Pooled it
- Vitamin D supplementation for depressive symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Psychosomatic medicine · 2014Pooled it
- Efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in major depression: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Journal of postgraduate medicinePooled it
- Trial
- Vitamin D supplementation for the prevention of depression and poor physical function in older persons: the D-Vitaal study, a randomized clinical trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2019Trial
- Trial
- Dose ranging effects of vitamin D3 on the geriatric depression score: A clinical trial.The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology · 2018Trial
- Repletion of vitamin D associated with deterioration of sleep quality among postmenopausal women.Preventive medicine · 2016Trial
- Prevention of depression through nutritional strategies in high-risk persons: rationale and design of the MooDFOOD prevention trial.BMC psychiatry · 2016Trial
- Trial
- Vitamin D supplementation to prevent depression and poor physical function in older adults: Study protocol of the D-Vitaal study, a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial.BMC geriatrics · 2015Trial
- Article
- Systematic comparison of Mendelian randomisation studies and randomised controlled trials using electronic databases.BMJ open · 2023Article
- The association between vitamin D serum levels, supplementation, and suicide attempts and intentional self-harm.PloS one · 2023Article
- Centering Culture in Mental Health: Differences in Diagnosis, Treatment, and Access to Care Among Older People of Color.The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry · 2022Review
- Health, financial and environmental impacts of unnecessary vitamin D testing: a triple bottom line assessment adapted for healthcare.BMJ open · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
While observational studies have suggested that vitamin D deficiency increases risk of depression, few clinical trials have tested whether vitamin D supplementation affects the occurrence of depression symptoms. The authors evaluated the impact of daily supplementation with 400 IU of vitamin D(3) combined with 1,000 mg of elemental calcium on measures of depression in a randomized, double-blinded US trial comprising 36,282 postmenopausal women. The Burnam scale and current use of antidepressant medication were used to assess depressive symptoms at randomization (1995-2000). Two years later, women again reported on their antidepressant use, and 2,263 completed a second Burnam scale. After 2 years, women randomized to receive vitamin D and calcium had an odds ratio for experiencing depressive symptoms (Burnam score ≥0.06) of 1.16 (95% confidence interval: 0.86, 1.56) compared with women in the placebo group. Supplementation was not associated with antidepressant use (odds ratio = 1.01, 95% confidence interval: 0.92, 1.12) or continuous depressive symptom score. Results stratified by baseline vitamin D and calcium intake, solar irradiance, and other factors were similar. The findings do not support a relation between supplementation with 400 IU/day of vitamin D(3) along with calcium and depression in older women. Additional trials testing higher doses of vitamin D are needed to determine whether this nutrient may help prevent or treat depression.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.