ArticleRetrovirology2012
HIV-1-encoded antisense RNA suppresses viral replication for a prolonged period.
Article in Retrovirology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 104 citations in OpenAlex.
- Identification and characterization of a long non-coding RNA up-regulated during HIV-1 infection.Virology · 2017Pooled it
- Is the molecular microenvironment of the latent HIV reservoir predictable using deep learning approaches?Journal of virology · 2026Review
- The Gene Encoding the Antisense Protein ASP of HIV-1: Origin, Distribution and Maintenance.Viruses · 2026Review
- Breaking into HIV-1's Epigenetic Vault: Cure Strategies to Eliminate the Viral Reservoir.Viruses · 2026Review
- Review
- Strand-specific detection of cell-associated sense and antisense HIV-1 RNAs in splenocytes and PBMC from PLWH.Retrovirology · 2025Article
- In vivo detection of antisense HIV-1 transcripts in untreated and ART-treated individuals.Life science alliance · 2025Article
- Splicing-dependent restriction of the HBZ gene by Tax underlies biphasic HTLV-1 infection.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Suppression of HIV-1 transcription and latency reversal via ectopic expression of the viral antisense transcript AST.Science advances · 2025Article
- The influence of HIV sense and antisense transcripts on stochastic HIV transcription and reactivation.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2025Article
- Disruption of LEDGF/p75-directed integration derepresses antisense transcription of the HIV-1 genome.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- MicroRNAs and long non-coding RNAs during transcriptional regulation and latency of HIV and HTLV.Retrovirology · 2024Review
- Creation of the HIV-1 antisense geneMicrobiology spectrum · 2024Article
- Breaking the Silence: Regulation of HIV Transcription and Latency on the Road to a Cure.Viruses · 2023Review
- Plumbing mysterious RNAs in "dark genome" for the conquest of human diseases.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2023Review
- Origin and functional role of antisense transcription in endogenous and exogenous retroviruses.Retrovirology · 2023Review
- Schlafen 12 restricts HIV-1 latency reversal by a codon-usage dependent post-transcriptional block in CD4+ T cells.Communications biology · 2023Article
- Aid or Antagonize: Nuclear Long Noncoding RNAs Regulate Host Responses and Outcomes of Viral Infections.Cells · 2023Review
- Epigenetic Regulation of HIV-1 Sense and Antisense Transcription in Response to Latency-Reversing Agents.Non-coding RNA · 2023Article
- An Evaluation on the Role of Non-Coding RNA in HIV Transcription and Latency: A Review.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2023Review
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundRecent evidence proposes a novel concept that mammalian natural antisense RNAs play important roles in cellular homeostasis by regulating the expression of several genes. Identification and characterization of retroviral antisense RNA would provide new insights into mechanisms of replication and pathogenesis. HIV-1 encoded-antisense RNAs have been reported, although their structures and functions remain to be studied. We have tried to identify and characterize antisense RNAs of HIV-1 and their function in viral infection.
resultsCharacterization of transcripts of HEK293T cells that were transiently transfected with an expression plasmid with HIV-1NL4-3 DNA in the antisense orientation showed that various antisense transcripts can be expressed. By screening and characterizing antisense RNAs in HIV-1NL4-3-infected cells, we defined the primary structure of a major form of HIV-1 antisense RNAs, which corresponds to a variant of previously reported ASP mRNA. This 2.6 kb RNA was transcribed from the U3 region of the 3' LTR and terminated at the env region in acutely or chronically infected cell lines and acutely infected human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Reporter assays clearly demonstrated that the HIV-1 LTR harbours promoter activity in the reverse orientation. Mutation analyses suggested the involvement of NF-κΒ binding sites in the regulation of antisense transcription. The antisense RNA was localized in the nuclei of the infected cells. The expression of this antisense RNA suppressed HIV-1 replication for more than one month. Furthermore, the specific knockdown of this antisense RNA enhanced HIV-1 gene expression and replication.
conclusionsThe results of the present study identified an accurate structure of the major form of antisense RNAs expressed from the HIV-1NL4-3 provirus and demonstrated its nuclear localization. Functional studies collectively demonstrated a new role of the antisense RNA in viral replication. Thus, we suggest a novel viral mechanism that self-limits HIV-1 replication and provides new insight into the viral life cycle.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.