ArticleTuberculosis research and treatment2011
Tuberculous meningitis: diagnosis and treatment overview.
Article in Tuberculosis research and treatment, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05781646 (Xpert MTB/RIF Assay for Diagnosis of Tuberculous Meningitis), which is not on this map. Cited by 107 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Xpert MTB/RIF Assay for Diagnosis of Tuberculous Meningitis (TBM) in Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital
Who cites it
107 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 230 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of intrathecal dexamethasone combined with isoniazid in the treatment of tuberculous meningitis: a meta-analysis.BMC neurology · 2024Pooled it
- A 43-year systematic review and meta-analysis: case-fatality and risk of death among adults with tuberculous meningitis in Africa.Journal of neurology · 2014Pooled it
- Systematic review of tuberculous meningitis in high-risk populations: mortality and diagnostic disparities.Future microbiologyPooled it
- Navigating complex presentations of central nervous system tuberculosis: A two-case analysis.Radiology case reports · 2026Article
- Management ofOpen forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Hypothetical applications of MR-guided focused ultrasound in central nervous system tuberculosis: blood-brain barrier disruption, granulomatous lesion modulation, targeted drug delivery, and immune microenvironment reprogramming.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Article
- Clinical and Laboratory Profiles, Time to Presentation, and Antibacterial Therapy in Children with Aseptic Meningitis: A Comparison of Confirmed Enteroviral and Unidentified-Etiology Cases.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Metabolic insights into the pathophysiology of tuberculous meningitis in FFPE postmortem human brain tissue.Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society · 2026Article
- Intrathecal Isoniazid and Dexamethasone Therapy May Improve Outcomes in Patients With Tuberculous Meningitis: A 2-Center Retrospective Cohort Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Article
- Review
- Clinical scoring systems for diagnosing tuberculous meningitis: A systematic review.World journal of critical care medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Miliary tuberculosis complicated by tuberculous vasculitis and ischemic stroke in a 16-year-old female patient: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2026Article
- Pediatric Tuberculosis: Unraveling Immunity, Clinical Complexities, and Resource-Driven Disparities in the Pursuit of Prevention.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Neurological Infections in HIV: A Case-Based Review for Clinicians.Le infezioni in medicina · 2026Review
- Bacterial meningitis in adults: therapeutic challenges in the era of antibiotic resistance and the potential of bacteriophages and associated by products.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- The progress of tuberculous meningitis medical management in adults.Surgical neurology international · 2026Review
- Thalamic Tuberculoma Presenting as Isolated Gait Disturbance Without Systemic or Meningeal Symptoms in a 2-Year-Old Child: A Case Report.International medical case reports journal · 2026Article
- Characterizing tuberculous meningitis in a South African pediatric cohort using GCxGC-TOFMS metabolomics.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2025Article
- Predictors of Tuberculous Meningitis Mortality Among Persons with HIV in Mozambique.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Article
47 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most common form of central nervous system tuberculosis (TB) and has very high morbidity and mortality. TBM is typically a subacute disease with symptoms that may persist for weeks before diagnosis. Characteristic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings of TBM include a lymphocytic-predominant pleiocytosis, elevated protein, and low glucose. CSF acid-fast smear and culture have relatively low sensitivity but yield is increased with multiple, large volume samples. Nucleic acid amplification of the CSF by PCR is highly specific but suboptimal sensitivity precludes ruling out TBM with a negative test. Treatment for TBM should be initiated as soon as clinical suspicion is supported by initial CSF studies. Empiric treatment should include at least four first-line drugs, preferably isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and streptomycin or ethambutol; the role of fluoroquinolones remains to be determined. Adjunctive treatment with corticosteroids has been shown to improve mortality with TBM. In HIV-positive individuals with TBM, important treatment considerations include drug interactions, development of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, unclear benefit of adjunctive corticosteroids, and higher rates of drug-resistant TB. Testing the efficacy of second-line and new anti-TB drugs in animal models of experimental TBM is needed to help determine the optimal regimen for drug-resistant TB.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.