ArticleFrontiers in immunology2012
Toll-like receptors of deuterostome invertebrates.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Bivalves Present the Largest and Most Diversified Repertoire of Toll-Like Receptors in the Animal Kingdom, Suggesting Broad-Spectrum Pathogen Recognition in Marine Waters.Molecular biology and evolution · 2023Article
- The lncRNA-mediated ceRNA network ofFrontiers in physiology · 2023Article
- Transcriptional and proteomic analysis of the innate immune response to microbial stimuli in a model invertebrate chordate.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Massive expansion of P-selectin genes in two Venerida species, Sinonovacula constricta and Mercenaria mercenaria: evidence from comparative genomics of Bivalvia.BMC genomics · 2022Article
- Nuclear genome of Bulinus truncatus, an intermediate host of the carcinogenic human blood fluke Schistosoma haematobium.Nature communications · 2022Article
- TIAMMAt: Leveraging Biodiversity to Revise Protein Domain Models, Evidence from Innate Immunity.Molecular biology and evolution · 2021Article
- Genome-Wide Identification, Characterization, and Expression Analysis of DDE_Tnp_4 Family Genes inAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
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- Toll-Like Receptors Gene Polymorphisms in Autoimmune Disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Reflections on the Use of an Invertebrate Chordate Model System for Studies of Gut Microbial Immune Interactions.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- The Role of the Microbiota in Regeneration-Associated Processes.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Review
- Speculations on the evolution of humoral adaptive immunity.Immunology and cell biology · 2020Review
- Review
- Changes in the proteome of sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus coelomocytes in response to LPS injection into the body cavity.PloS one · 2020Article
- CgMyD88s Serves as an Innate Immune System Plug During Ostreid Herpesvirus 1 Infection in the Pacific Oyster (Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Defensive systems against pathogens are responsible not only for survival or lifetime of an individual but also for the evolution of a species. Innate immunity is expected to be more important for invertebrates than mammals, given that adaptive immunity has not been acquired in the former. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been shown to play a crucial role in host defense of pathogenic microbes in innate immunity of mammals. Recent genome-wide analyses have suggested that TLR or their related genes are conserved in invertebrates. In particular, numerous TLR-related gene candidates were detected in deuterostome invertebrates, including a sea urchin (222 TLR-related gene candidates) and amphioxus (72 TLR-related gene candidates). Molecular phylogenetic analysis verified that most of sea urchin or amphioxus TLR candidates are paralogous, suggesting that these organisms expanded TLR-related genes in a species-specific manner. In contrast, another deuterostome invertebrate, the ascidian Ciona intestinalis, was found to possess only two TLR genes. Moreover, Ciona TLRs, Ci-TLR1 and Ci-TLR2, were shown to possess "hybrid" functionality of mammalian TLRs. Such functionality of Ci-TLRs could not be predicted by sequence comparison with vertebrate TLRs, indicating confounding evolutionary lineages of deuterostome invertebrate TLRs or their candidates. In this review article, we present recent advances in studies of TLRs or their candidates among deuterostome invertebrates, and provide insight into an evolutionary process of TLRs.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.