ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2012
Environmental biodiversity, human microbiota, and allergy are interrelated.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 376 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Residual Effect of Chlorhexidine 2% / Isopropyl Alcohol 70% Compared to Triclosan 1% / Isopropyl Alcohol 70%
Clinical Trial of Oral Supplementation With Novel Mycolicibacterium (KGA-10)
Who cites it
376 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,049 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Association between exposure to greenness and atopic march in children and adults-A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2022Pooled it
- Nationality and body location alter human skin microbiome.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2021Pooled it
- Nature Exposure and Its Effects on Immune System Functioning: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Association of the sinonasal bacterial microbiome with clinical outcomes in chronic rhinosinusitis: a systematic review.International forum of allergy & rhinology · 2020Pooled it
- Long-Term Effects of Mountain Hiking vs. Forest Therapy on Physical and Mental Health of Couples: A Randomized Controlled Trial.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Trial
- Indoor green wall affects health-associated commensal skin microbiota and enhances immune regulation: a randomized trial among urban office workers.Scientific reports · 2022Trial
- Biodiversity intervention enhances immune regulation and health-associated commensal microbiota among daycare children.Science advances · 2020Trial
- Feasibility of collection and analysis of microbiome data in a longitudinal randomized trial of community gardening.Future microbiology · 2020Trial
- Environmental exposures and child and maternal gut microbiota in rural Malawi.Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology · 2020Trial
- Recent advances and clinical relevance of microbiome dynamics in health and disease.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Toward an Ecology of Household Biomes.Ecology letters · 2026Article
- Timescale mismatch: redefining ecological opportunity for evolution in the Anthropocene.The EMBO journal · 2026Article
- Urban soilUrban forestry & urban greening · 2026Article
- Urban aquatic ecosystems for human health and well-being - a scoping review.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Hematological consequences of environmental change during dewilding of rhesus macaques.Nature communications · 2026Article
- From Food Systems to Gut Microbiota: Dietary Substrates, Microbial Exposure and One Health.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Private garden exposure and public park access in relation to type-2 diabetes incidence: a UK Biobank cohort study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Species Extinction, Biodiversity, Human Health, and Inevitable Role of Lifestyle Medicine: A Narrative Review.American journal of lifestyle medicine · 2026Review
- Relations of residential greenness with immunity and inflammation.Environmental research · 2026Article
316 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Rapidly declining biodiversity may be a contributing factor to another global megatrend--the rapidly increasing prevalence of allergies and other chronic inflammatory diseases among urban populations worldwide. According to the "biodiversity hypothesis," reduced contact of people with natural environmental features and biodiversity may adversely affect the human commensal microbiota and its immunomodulatory capacity. Analyzing atopic sensitization (i.e., allergic disposition) in a random sample of adolescents living in a heterogeneous region of 100 × 150 km, we show that environmental biodiversity in the surroundings of the study subjects' homes influenced the composition of the bacterial classes on their skin. Compared with healthy individuals, atopic individuals had lower environmental biodiversity in the surroundings of their homes and significantly lower generic diversity of gammaproteobacteria on their skin. The functional role of the gram-negative gammaproteobacteria is supported by in vitro measurements of expression of IL-10, a key anti-inflammatory cytokine in immunologic tolerance, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In healthy, but not in atopic, individuals, IL-10 expression was positively correlated with the abundance of the gammaproteobacterial genus Acinetobacter on the skin. These results raise fundamental questions about the consequences of biodiversity loss for both allergic conditions and public health in general.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.