ArticleArchives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine2012
Extramedical use of prescription pain relievers by youth aged 12 to 21 years in the United States: national estimates by age and by year.
Article in Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Age and Cohort Patterns of Medical and Nonmedical Use of Controlled Medication Among Adolescents.Journal of addiction medicinePooled it
- Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Web-Based Program (POP4Teens) to Prevent Prescription Opioid Misuse Among Adolescents: Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2021Trial
- Can we build an efficient response to the prescription drug abuse epidemic? Assessing the cost effectiveness of universal prevention in the PROSPER trial.Preventive medicine · 2014Trial
- Nonmedical prescription opioid and sedative use among adolescents in the emergency department.Pediatrics · 2013Trial
- Cigarette and e-cigarette use trajectories and prospective prescription psychotherapeutic drug misuse among adolescents and young adults.Addictive behaviors · 2023Article
- Health Care Provider Stigma Toward Patients With Substance Use Disorders: Protocol for a Nationally Representative Survey.JMIR research protocols · 2023Article
- Trends in Opioid Misuse Among Individuals Aged 12 to 21 Years in the US.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Young Adult Healthcare Exposure and Future Opioid Misuse: A Prospective Cohort Study.American journal of preventive medicine · 2022Article
- Initiation of nonmedical use of prescription opioids among high school students.Substance abuse · 2021Article
- Risk Factors for Opioid Use After Patellofemoral Stabilization Surgery: A Population-Based Study of 1,316 Cases.The Iowa orthopaedic journal · 2020Article
- Female-male differences in prescription pain reliever dependence levels: Evidence on newly incident adolescent and young adult users in the United States, 2002-2014.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2019Article
- Persistence of extra-medical prescription pain reliever use and alcohol involvement among United States 12-20 year olds.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2019Article
- Opioid Use Disorder and Prescribed Opioid Regimens: Evidence from Commercial and Medicaid Claims, 2005-2015.Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology · 2019Article
- Underage drinking, alcohol dependence, and young people starting to use prescription pain relievers extra-medically: A zero-inflated Poisson regression model.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2019Article
- An age-based analysis of nonmedical prescription opioid use among people who use illegal drugs in Vancouver, Canada.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2018Article
- A Retrospective Chart Review of Contraceptive Use among Adolescents with Opioid Use Disorder.Journal of pediatric and adolescent gynecology · 2018Article
- Statewide opioid prescriptions and the prevalence of adolescent opioid misuse in Ohio.The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse · 2017Article
- Developmental course of non-medical use of prescription drugs from adolescence to adulthood in the United States: national longitudinal data.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2016Article
- Peak ages of risk for starting nonmedical use of prescription stimulants.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2015Article
- A prospective study of adolescents' nonmedical use of anxiolytic and sleep medication.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify when youth are most likely to start using prescription pain relievers to get high or for other unapproved indications outside the boundaries of what a prescribing physician might intend (ie, extramedical use). DESIGN Cross-sectional surveys of adolescent cohorts, 2004 to 2008. SETTING The United States. PARTICIPANTS Large nationally representative samples of youth in the United States who had been assessed for the 2004 through 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, yielding data from 138 729 participants aged 12 to 21 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Estimated age-specific risk of starting extramedical use of prescription pain relievers, year by year, and confirmation of age at peak risk by tracing the experience of individual cohorts during this period. RESULTS The estimated peak risk of starting extramedical use of prescription pain relievers occurs in midadolescence, well before the college years. The age at peak risk is 16 years, when an estimated 2% to 3% become newly incident users. Smaller risk estimates are observed at age 12 to 14 years and at age 19 to 21 years. CONCLUSIONS For initiatives to prevent youth from using prescription pain relievers to get high or for other unapproved indications, a focus on the last year of high school and the post-secondary school years may be too little too late. Practice-based approaches are needed in addition to public health interventions based on effective alcohol and tobacco prevention programs during the earlier adolescent years.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.