ArticleThe Journal of experimental medicine2012
Adult Langerhans cells derive predominantly from embryonic fetal liver monocytes with a minor contribution of yolk sac-derived macrophages.
Article in The Journal of experimental medicine, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 409 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
409 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Cardiac repair after myocardial infarction: A two-sided role of inflammation-mediated.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Plasticity of the infant immune system during the perinatal period.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Tissue-Resident Macrophages: Linking Physiology and Inflammation in Infection.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2026Review
- Distinct postnatal trajectories of mouse dendritic epidermal T cells and Langerhans cells independent of microbiota.Science advances · 2026Article
- Microglial maturation across human and mouse as a reference for interpreting large-animal models of perinatal brain injury.Pediatric research · 2026Review
- Localisation of immune cell populations during human fetal testicular development.Reproduction & fertility · 2026Article
- Macrophages in embryonic development.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Skin Deep: Uncovering the Early Events of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus at the Tick-Host-Virus Interface.Viruses · 2026Review
- Macrophage Extracellular Vesicles: Therapeutic Strategies for Corneal Fibrosis in Rare Diseases.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Cutaneous Dendritic Cells: Structure, Function and Immune Role.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Lineage tracing reveals the origins and dynamics of macrophages in lung injury and repair.Cell discovery · 2026Article
- Immunity and Beyond: Emerging Roles of Monocytes and Macrophages in Cancer.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Dynamic remodeling of skin microbiota during healthy homeostatic and wound repair conditions.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- The immune milieu after local endometrial injury in women with recurrent implantation failure.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Plasmacytoid dendritic cell proliferations, malignant histiocytic (macrophage/dendritic cell) neoplasms and follicular dendritic cell neoplasms: report from the 2024 Joint CSHP/EA4HP/SH workshop.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2025Article
- Coordinated Development of Immune Cell Populations in Vascularized Skin Organoids from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Article
- Review
- Role of Fibroblast-Immune Crosstalk in Kidney, Lung, and Skin Tertiary Lymphoid Structures.Immunological reviews · 2025Review
- Macrophages: Subtypes, Distribution, Polarization, Immunomodulatory Functions, and Therapeutics.MedComm · 2025Review
- The Epithelial Immune Response to Human Papillomavirus Infection.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
349 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
20 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Langerhans cells (LCs) are the dendritic cells (DCs) of the epidermis, forming one of the first hematopoietic lines of defense against skin pathogens. In contrast to other DCs, LCs arise from hematopoietic precursors that seed the skin before birth. However, the origin of these embryonic precursors remains unclear. Using in vivo lineage tracing, we identify a first wave of yolk sac (YS)-derived primitive myeloid progenitors that seed the skin before the onset of fetal liver hematopoiesis. YS progenitors migrate to the embryo proper, including the prospective skin, where they give rise to LC precursors, and the brain rudiment, where they give rise to microglial cells. However, in contrast to microglia, which remain of YS origin throughout life, YS-derived LC precursors are largely replaced by fetal liver monocytes during late embryogenesis. Consequently, adult LCs derive predominantly from fetal liver monocyte-derived cells with a minor contribution of YS-derived cells. Altogether, we establish that adult LCs have a dual origin, bridging early embryonic and late fetal myeloid development.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.