ArticleAmerican journal of epidemiology2012
Demographic, risk, and spatial factors associated with over-the-counter syringe purchase among injection drug users.
Article in American journal of epidemiology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The Role of Pharmacies in the HIV Prevention and Care Continuums: A Systematic Review.AIDS and behavior · 2021Pooled it
- Examining the spatial risk environment tied to the opioid crisis through a unique public health, EMS, and academic research collaborative: Lowell, Massachusetts, 2008-2018.Preventive medicine reports · 2021Article
- The role of socio-demographic determinants in the geo-spatial distribution of newly diagnosed HIV infections in small areas of Catalonia (Spain).BMC public health · 2020Article
- HIV Clustering in Mississippi: Spatial Epidemiological Study to Inform Implementation Science in the Deep South.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2018Article
- Patterns of Twitter Behavior Among Networks of Cannabis Dispensaries in California.Journal of medical Internet research · 2017Article
- Neighborhood-Level and Spatial Characteristics Associated with Lay Naloxone Reversal Events and Opioid Overdose Deaths.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2016Article
- Assessing Syringe Exchange Program Access among Persons Who Inject Drugs (PWID) in the District of Columbia.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2016Article
- Spatial analysis of HIV positive injection drug users in San Francisco, 1987 to 2005.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2014Article
- Acceptability of Global Positioning System technology to survey injecting drug users' movements and social interactions: a pilot study from San Francisco, USA.Technology and health care : official journal of the European Society for Engineering and Medicine · 2014Article
- Nonprescription naloxone and syringe sales in the midst of opioid overdose and hepatitis C virus epidemics: Massachusetts, 2015.Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhAArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Since 2005, California law allowed over-the-counter (OTC) syringe sales pending local authorization. Although pharmacy sales of OTC syringes are associated with reduced injection-mediated risks and decreases in human immunodeficiency virus infection rates, little is known about the factors associated with syringe purchase among injection drug users (IDUs). Using a cross-sectional design, the authors applied targeted sampling to collect quantitative survey data from IDUs (n = 563) recruited in San Francisco, California, during 2008. They also compiled a comprehensive list of retail pharmacies, their location, and whether they sell OTC syringes. They used a novel combination of geographic information system and statistical analyses to determine the demographic, behavioral, and spatial factors associated with OTC syringe purchase by IDUs. In multivariate analyses, age, race, injection frequency, the type of drug injected, and the source of syringe supply were independently associated with OTC syringe purchases. Notably, the prevalence of OTC syringe purchase was 53% lower among African-American IDUs (adjusted prevalence ratio = 0.47, 95% confidence interval: 0.33, 0.67) and higher among injectors of methamphetamine (adjusted prevalence ratio = 1.35, 95% confidence interval: 1.07, 1.70). Two neighborhoods with high densities of IDUs had limited access to OTC syringes. Increased access to OTC syringes would potentially prevent blood-borne infectious diseases among IDUs.
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