ReviewAmerican journal of respiratory and critical care medicine2012
Estrogen paradox in pulmonary hypertension: current controversies and future perspectives.
Review in American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 87 citations in OpenAlex.
- Towards a Safe Pathway to Biological Parenthood for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.Pulmonary circulation · 2026Article
- Article
- Sex-specific insights in atherosclerosis and pulmonary arterial hypertension: an overlooked comorbidity.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Female Fibroblast Activation Is Estrogen-Mediated in Sex-Specific 3D-Bioprinted Pulmonary Artery Adventitia Models.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2025Article
- The Challenge in Burden of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Perspective From the Global Burden of Disease Study.MedComm · 2025Article
- Estrogen receptor-α ablation reverses muscle fibrosis and inguinal hernias.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- Sex and gender differences during the lung lifespan: unveiling a pivotal impact.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2025Review
- RPL39 Was Associated With Sex Differences in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.Canadian respiratory journal · 2025Article
- Pathophysiological Features of Remodeling in Vascular Diseases: Impact of Inhibitor of DNA-Binding/Differentiation-3 and Estrogenic Endocrine Disruptors.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Ethanol-induced lung and cardiac right ventricular inflammation and remodeling underlie progression to pulmonary arterial hypertension.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2024Article
- Review
- Recommendations for Women in Mountain Sports and Hypoxia Training/Conditioning.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Review
- Women at Altitude: Sex-Related Physiological Responses to Exercise in Hypoxia.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Review
- The Role of G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor (GPER) in Vascular Pathology and Physiology.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- Estrogen-mediated mechanisms in hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases.Journal of human hypertension · 2023Review
- Repetitive schistosoma exposure causes perivascular lung fibrosis and persistent pulmonary hypertension.Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2023Article
- Integrating epigenetics and metabolomics to advance treatments for pulmonary arterial hypertension.Biochemical pharmacology · 2022Review
- Pregnancy Considerations in the Multidisciplinary Care of Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2022Review
- The Impact of Sex Chromosomes in the Sexual Dimorphism of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.The American journal of pathology · 2022Review
- Estrogen signaling as a bridge between the nucleus and mitochondria in cardiovascular diseases.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Although the incidence of pulmonary hypertension is higher in female patients, numerous experimental studies have demonstrated better outcome in female animals, exacerbation of the disease after ovariectomy, and a strong protective effect of estrogen: a phenomenon known as the "estrogen paradox" of pulmonary hypertension. On the other hand, some clinical studies have indirectly linked estrogen to increased risk of portopulmonary hypertension, whereas others implicate increased estrogen metabolism and high levels of certain estrogen metabolites in promoting pulmonary vascular remodeling in familial pulmonary arterial hypertension. In this review we investigate the estrogen paradox through highlighting the differential receptor-mediated effects of estrogen. Although estrogen and estrogen receptor-based therapies have shown promise in rescuing preexisting pulmonary hypertension in animals, their role is yet to be defined in humans.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.