ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2012
The skin, a novel niche for recirculating B cells.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 88 citations in OpenAlex.
- B cells, antibody-secreting cells, and virus-specific antibodies respond to herpes simplex virus 2 reactivation in skin.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2021Trial
- Germinal center responses at barrier organ sites.Current opinion in immunology · 2026Review
- Dynamic remodeling of skin microbiota during healthy homeostatic and wound repair conditions.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- The Role of Cutaneous B-Cells in Hidradenitis Suppurativa: From Preclinical Evidence to Novel Targeted Therapies.Experimental dermatology · 2025Review
- B cells in non-lymphoid tissues.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2025Review
- B cells recruitment promotes M2 macrophage polarization to inhibit inflammation during wound healing.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2025Article
- Article
- Breg-Mediated Immunoregulation in the Skin.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- From neglect to spotlight: the underappreciated role of B cells in cutaneous inflammatory diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Human skin bacterial microbiota homeostasis: A delicate balance between health and disease.mLife · 2023Review
- Homeostatic role of B-1 cells in tissue immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- B Lymphocytes Accumulate and Proliferate in Human Skin at Sites of Cutaneous Antigen Challenge.The Journal of investigative dermatology · 2022Article
- Development and function of tissue-resident memory B cells.Advances in immunology · 2022Article
- Resident Memory B Cells in Barrier Tissues.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Skin Immunosenescence and Type 2 Inflammation: A Mini-Review With an Inflammaging Perspective.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Review
- Immunoregulation by antibody secreting cells in inflammation, infection, and cancer.Immunological reviews · 2021Review
- Skin-Homing Regulatory B Cells Required for Suppression of Cutaneous Inflammation.The Journal of investigative dermatology · 2021Article
- Single-cell immunophenotyping of the skin lesion erythema migrans identifies IgM memory B cells.JCI insight · 2021Article
- Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
B cells infiltrate the skin in many chronic inflammatory diseases caused by autoimmunity or infection. Despite potential contribution to disease, skin-associated B cells remain poorly characterized. Using an ovine model of granulomatous skin inflammation, we demonstrate that B cells increase in the skin and skin-draining afferent lymph during inflammation. Surprisingly, skin B cells are a heterogeneous population that is distinct from lymph node B cells, with more large lymphocytes as well as B-1-like B cells that coexpress high levels of IgM and CD11b. Skin B cells have increased MHC class II, CD1, and CD80/86 expression compared with lymph node B cells, suggesting that they are well-suited for T cell activation at the site of inflammation. Furthermore, we show that skin accumulation of B cells and Ab-secreting cells during inflammation increases local Ab titers, which could augment host defense and autoimmunity. Although skin B cells express typical skin-homing receptors, such as E-selectin ligand and α-4 and β-1 integrins, they are unresponsive to ligands for chemokine receptors associated with T cell homing into skin. Instead, skin B cells migrate toward the cutaneously expressed CCR6 ligand CCL20. Our data support a model in which B cells use CCR6-CCL20 to recirculate through the skin, fulfilling a novel role in skin immunity and inflammation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.