SynthesisEpidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)2012
Household transmission of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1): a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.), 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- Household transmission investigation: Design, reporting and critical appraisal.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2023Pooled it
- Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in standardised first few X cases and household transmission investigations: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2022Pooled it
- Using secondary cases to characterize the severity of an emerging or re-emerging infection.Nature communications · 2021Pooled it
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Setting-specific Transmission Rates: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Pooled it
- Review Article: The Fraction of Influenza Virus Infections That Are Asymptomatic: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2015Pooled it
- Case fatality risk of influenza A (H1N1pdm09): a systematic review.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2013Pooled it
- Effectiveness of antiviral prophylaxis coupled with contact tracing in reducing the transmission of the influenza A (H1N1-2009): a systematic review.Theoretical biology & medical modelling · 2013Pooled it
- Attack rates assessment of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza A in children and their contacts: a systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2012Pooled it
- Contact With Young Children Increases the Risk of Respiratory Infection in Older Adults in Europe-the RESCEU Study.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2022Trial
- Aerosol transmission is an important mode of influenza A virus spread.Nature communications · 2013Trial
- The Effect of Tuberculosis and HIV on the Epidemiological, Clinical, Virological, and Immunological Trajectory of COVID-19: Protocol for a Prospective Case-Ascertained and Surveillance Study.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Spatio-temporal analysis of influenza in old-new economic transition areas of coastal mega-cities: evidence from China.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2026Article
- Estimating influenza transmission parameters: Comparing two study designs, 2023-2024.Epidemics · 2026Article
- Addressing current limitations of household transmission studies by collecting contact data.American journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Estimated Effectiveness of Influenza Vaccines in Preventing Secondary Infections in Households.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Heterogeneity of influenza infection at precise scale in Yinchuan, Northwest China, 2012-2022: evidence from Joinpoint regression and spatiotemporal analysis.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Household transmission dynamics of COVID-19 among residents of Delhi, India: a prospective case-ascertained study.IJID regions · 2023Article
- Super-spreading social events for COVID-19 transmission: evidence from the investigation of six early clusters in Bahrain.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Article
- Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDuring the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic, household transmission studies were implemented to better understand the characteristics of the transmission of the novel virus in a confined setting.
methodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess and summarize the findings of these studies. We identified 27 articles, around half of which reported studies conducted in May and June 2009.
resultsIn 13 of the 27 studies (48%) that collected respiratory specimens from household contacts, point estimates of the risk of secondary infection ranged from 3% to 38%, with substantial heterogeneity. Meta-regression analyses revealed that a part of the heterogeneity reflected varying case ascertainment and study designs. The estimates of symptomatic secondary infection risk, based on 20 studies identifying febrile acute respiratory illness among household contacts, also showed substantial variability, with point estimates ranging from 4% to 37%.
conclusionsTransmission of the 2009 pandemic virus in households appeared to vary among countries and settings, with differences in estimates of the secondary infection risk also partly due to differences in study designs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.