ReviewSeminars in immunology2012
Changes in primary lymphoid organs with aging.
Review in Seminars in immunology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 156 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
156 citing papers in PubMed, 280 citations in OpenAlex.
- Zinc as a therapeutic adjunct: enhancing t-cell reconstitution in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients-a double-blind clinical study.BMC immunology · 2025Trial
- Article
- What Do We Know About Immune System Aging from Human and Animal Studies?International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- GW9508-Induced Activation of GPR40 in Thymic Epithelial Cells: A Therapeutic Strategy to Delay Thymic Aging.Aging cell · 2026Article
- A Healthy Lifestyle Can Slow Immune System Aging and Reduce Age-Related Chronic Inflammation: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- American Ginseng (Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- BRIDGING THE GAP: ENHANCING THE GENERALIZABILITY OF EPIGENETIC CLOCKS THROUGH TRANSFER LEARNING.The annals of applied statistics · 2026Article
- Network Rewiring in the Aging Immune System: From Chronic Inflammation to Age-Related Pathologies.Cells · 2026Review
- Damage-induced pyroptosis drives endogenous thymic regeneration by activating the purinergic receptor P2Y2.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Premature thymic involution in young Foxn1lacz mutant mice causes peripheral T cell phenotypes similar to aging-induced immunosenescence.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2025Article
- Senescent Polarization of Macrophages and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Disease.Cells · 2025Review
- Cytoskeleton proteins, the structural basis of T-lymphocyte and TEC restructure during rapid thymus regeneration.Histology and histopathology · 2025Review
- Inhibition of SLC25A10 promotes cellular senescence and impedes hepatocellular carcinoma progression.Translational cancer research · 2025Article
- Age-associated changes in the lymphoid tissues of Boa constrictor.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2025Article
- Zinc deficiency as possible link between immunosenescence and age-related diseases.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2025Review
- The role of genetic/epigenetic factors and microenvironment in hematopoietic stem cell ageing.Biogerontology · 2025Review
- The crosstalk between senescence, tumor, and immunity: molecular mechanism and therapeutic opportunities.MedComm · 2025Review
- METTL3 governs thymocyte development and thymic involution by regulating ferroptosis.Nature aging · 2024Article
- Thymic microenvironment's impact on immunosenescence.Immunologic research · 2024Article
- T Cell Peptide Prediction, Immune Response, and Host-Pathogen Relationship in Vaccinated and Recovered from Mild COVID-19 Subjects.Biomolecules · 2024Article
96 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Aging is associated with decreased immune function that leads to increased morbidity and mortality in the elderly. Immune senescence is accompanied by age-related changes in two primary lymphoid organs, bone marrow and thymus, that result in decreased production and function of B and T lymphocytes. In bone marrow, hematopoietic stem cells exhibit reduced self-renewal potential, increased skewing toward myelopoiesis, and decreased production of lymphocytes with aging. These functional sequelae of aging are caused in part by increased oxidative stress, inflammation, adipocyte differentiation, and disruption of hypoxic osteoblastic niches. In thymus, aging is associated with tissue involution, exhibited by a disorganization of the thymic epithelial cell architecture and increased adiposity. This dysregulation correlates with a loss of stroma-thymocyte 'cross-talk', resulting in decreased export of naïve T cells. Mounting evidence argues that with aging, thymic inflammation, systemic stress, local Foxn1 and keratinocyte growth factor expression, and sex steroid levels play critical roles in actively driving thymic involution and overall adaptive immune senescence across the lifespan. With a better understanding of the complex mechanisms and pathways that mediate bone marrow and thymus involution with aging, potential increases for the development of safe and effective interventions to prevent or restore loss of immune function with aging.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.