ArticlePloS one2012
Exosomes released from Mycoplasma infected tumor cells activate inhibitory B cells.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 100 citations in OpenAlex.
- Extracellular vesicles released by host epithelial cells during Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection function as homing beacons for neutrophils.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2024Article
- Cancer invasion and anaerobic bacteria: new insights into mechanisms.Journal of medical microbiology · 2024Review
- Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2024Article
- Effects of Ureaplasma parvum infection in the exosome biogenesis-related proteins in ectocervical epithelial cells.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2024Article
- Message in a bubble: the translational potential of extracellular vesicles.The Journal of physiology · 2023Review
- Cell culture-derived extracellular vesicles: Considerations for reporting cell culturing parameters.Journal of extracellular biology · 2023Article
- Extracellular Vesicles and Infection: From Hijacked Machinery to Therapeutic Tools.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Extracellular Vesicles Released from Macrophages Infected withInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Interaction between alveolar macrophages and epithelial cells duringFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Review
- Extracellular vesicles and their cells of origin: Open issues in autoimmune diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Review
- The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: Gut Microbiota Modulates Conspecific Aggression in Diversely Selected Laying Hens.Microorganisms · 2022Article
- Exosomes fromFrontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Article
- The Role of Exosomes and Their Applications in Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Extracellular vesicles in the context of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.Molecular immunology · 2021Review
- Review
- Role of bacterial infections in extracellular vesicles release and impact on immune response.Biomedical journal · 2021Review
- CF monocyte-derived macrophages have an attenuated response to extracellular vesicles secreted by airway epithelial cells.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2021Article
- Extracellular Vesicles and Their Role in the Spatial and Temporal Expansion of Tumor-Immune Interactions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Regulation of Antitumor Immune Responses by Exosomes Derived from Tumor and Immune Cells.Cancers · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Mycoplasmas cause numerous human diseases and are common opportunistic pathogens in cancer patients and immunocompromised individuals. Mycoplasma infection elicits various host immune responses. Here we demonstrate that mycoplasma-infected tumor cells release exosomes (myco+ exosomes) that specifically activate splenic B cells and induce splenocytes cytokine production. Induction of cytokines, including the proinflammatory IFN-γ and the anti-inflammatory IL-10, was largely dependent on the presence of B cells. B cells were the major IL-10 producers. In splenocytes from B cell deficient μMT mice, induction of IFN-γ+ T cells by myco+ exosomes was greatly increased compared with wild type splenocytes. In addition, anti-CD3-stimulated T cell proliferation was greatly inhibited in the presence of myco+ exosome-treated B cells. Also, anti-CD3-stimulated T cell signaling was impaired by myco+ exosome treatment. Proteomic analysis identified mycoplasma proteins in exosomes that potentially contribute to the effects. Our results demonstrate that mycoplasma-infected tumor cells release exosomes carrying mycoplasma components that preferentially activate B cells, which in turn, are able to inhibit T cell activity. These results suggest that mycoplasmas infecting tumor cells can exploit the exosome pathway to disseminate their own components and modulate the activity of immune cells, in particular, activate B cells with inhibitory activity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.