ArticlePloS one2012
Lignosulfonic acid exhibits broadly anti-HIV-1 activity--potential as a microbicide candidate for the prevention of HIV-1 sexual transmission.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lignins and Their Derivatives with Beneficial Effects on Human Health.International journal of molecular sciences · 2017Pooled it
- Sustained ROS scavenging and pericellular oxygenation by lignin composites rescue HIF-1α and VEGF levels to improve diabetic wound neovascularization and healing.Acta biomaterialia · 2025Article
- Antiviral Cellulose-Lignin Assembly Entirely Composed of Plant Cell Wall Components.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Triple Action of Lignosulfonic Acid Sodium: Anti-protease, Antioxidant, and Anti-inflammatory Effects of a Polymeric Heparin Mimetic.Medicinal chemistry (Shariqah (United Arab Emirates)) · 2024Article
- A Comprehensive Mini-Review on Lignin-Based Nanomaterials for Food Applications: Systemic Advancement and Future Trends.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Sustainable Biomass Lignin-Based Hydrogels: A Review on Properties, Formulation, and Biomedical Applications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Opportunities and Challenges for Lignin Valorization in Food Packaging, Antimicrobial, and Agricultural Applications.Biomacromolecules · 2023Review
- High value valorization of lignin as environmental benign antimicrobial.Materials today. Bio · 2023Review
- Lignosulfonate Rapidly Inactivates Human Immunodeficiency and Herpes Simplex Viruses.Medicines (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Lignosulfonic acid attenuates NF-κB activation and intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction induced by TNF-α/IFN-γ in Caco-2 cells.Journal of natural medicines · 2018Article
- Lignosulfonic acid promotes hypertrophy in 3T3-L1 cells without increasing lipid content and increases their 2-deoxyglucose uptake.Asian-Australasian journal of animal sciences · 2017Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Some secondary metabolites from plants show to have potent inhibitory activities against microbial pathogens, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), Treponema pallidum, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, etc. Here we report that lignosulfonic acid (LSA), a polymeric lignin derivative, exhibits potent and broad activity against HIV-1 isolates of diverse subtypes including two North America strains and a number of Chinese clinical isolates values ranging from 21.4 to 633 nM. Distinct from other polyanions, LSA functions as an entry inhibitor with multiple targets on viral gp120 as well as on host receptor CD4 and co-receptors CCR5/CXCR4. LSA blocks viral entry as determined by time-of-drug addiction and cell-cell fusion assays. Moreover, LSA inhibits CD4-gp120 interaction by blocking the binding of antibodies specific for CD4-binding sites (CD4bs) and for the V3 loop of gp120. Similarly, LSA interacts with CCR5 and CXCR4 via its inhibition of specific anti-CCR5 and anti-CXCR4 antibodies, respectively. Interestingly, the combination of LSA with AZT and Nevirapine exhibits synergism in viral inhibition. For the purpose of microbicide development, LSA displays low in vitro cytotoxicity to human genital tract epithelial cells, does not stimulate NF-κB activation and has no significant up-regulation of IL-1α/β and IL-8 as compared with N-9. Lastly, LSA shows no adverse effect on the epithelial integrity and the junctional protein expression. Taken together, our findings suggest that LSA can be a potential candidate for tropical microbicide.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.