Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22558235›Full record

ArticlePloS one2012

Differences in iNOS and arginase expression and activity in the macrophages of rats are responsible for the resistance against T. gondii infection.

Zhi Li, Zhi-Jun Zhao, Xing-Quan Zhu, Qing-Shi Ren, Fang-Fang Nie, Jiang-Mei Gao, Xiao-Jie Gao, Ting-Bao Yang, Wen-Liang Zhou, Ji-Long Shen and 6 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
40citing papers in PubMed
5.6field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

40 citing papers in PubMed, 76 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Microbiology spectrum · 2025
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Rodents as Sentinels forPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023
    Article
  9. Frontiers in immunology · 2023
    Article
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Changes of gut microbiota structure in rats infected withFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022
    Article
  15. High resistance toiScience · 2021
    Article
  16. Infection withParasitology · 2021
    Article
  17. Arginase 1 (Journal of clinical medicine · 2021
    Article
  18. Innate Resistance toFrontiers in microbiology · 2021
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors at 8 institutions in 3 countries.

Zhi LiState Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
Zhi-Jun Zhao
Xing-Quan Zhu
Qing-Shi Ren
Fang-Fang Nie
Jiang-Mei Gao
Xiao-Jie Gao
Ting-Bao Yang
Wen-Liang Zhou
Ji-Long Shen
Yong Wang
Fang-Li Lu
Xiao-Guang Chen
Geoff Hide
Francisco J Ayala
Zhao-Rong Lun
Sun Yat-sen University · CNChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences · CNAnhui Medical University · CNNanjing Medical University · CNNingxia Medical University · CNSouthern Medical University · CNUniversity of California, Irvine · USUniversity of Salford · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Toxoplasma gondii infects humans and warm blooded animals causing devastating disease worldwide. It has long been a mystery as to why the peritoneal macrophages of rats are naturally resistant to T. gondii infection while those of mice are not. Here, we report that high expression levels and activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and low levels of arginase-1 (Arg 1) activity in the peritoneal macrophages of rats are responsible for their resistance against T. gondii infection, due to high nitric oxide and low polyamines within these cells. The opposite situation was observed in the peritoneal macrophages of mice. This discovery of the opposing functions of iNOS and Arg 1 in rodent peritoneal macrophages may lead to a better understanding of the resistance mechanisms of mammals, particularly humans and livestock, against T. gondii and other intracellular pathogens.

Indexed as

Rodent DiseasesAnimalsArginaseDisease ResistanceGene ExpressionHost SpecificityHumansMacrophage ActivationMacrophages, PeritonealMiceMice, Inbred StrainsNitric OxideNitric Oxide Synthase Type IIRatsRats, Inbred StrainsToxoplasmaArginaseNitric OxideNitric Oxide Synthase Type II

Identifiers

PMID22558235
PMCPMC3338469
OpenAlexW2133468950

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.