ArticleThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene2012
Increased expression of regulatory T cells and down-regulatory molecules in lepromatous leprosy.
Article in The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 94 citations in OpenAlex.
- Increased frequency of CD4 and CD8 regulatory T cells in individuals under 15 years with multibacillary leprosy.PloS one · 2013Trial
- Immune mediators as plasma biomarkers for identifying household contacts and classifying clinical forms and leprosy reactions.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Different profiles of chemokines, cytokines and cell growth factors in plasma samples from patients with leprosy, leprosy reactions and households contacts.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2024Article
- Article
- Differential expression of programmed death 1 (PD-1) on various immune cells and its role in human leprosy.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Pathogenicity and virulence ofVirulence · 2022Review
- Modulation of the Response toFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Leptin Deficiency May Influence the Divergence of Cell-Mediated Immunity Between Lepromatous and Tuberculoid Leprosy Patients.Journal of inflammation research · 2022Review
- Downmodulation of Regulatory T Cells Producing TGF-β Participates in Pathogenesis of Leprosy Reactions.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- The expression of FOXP3 in lesions of several forms of leprosy in patients co-infected with HIV.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Observational
- Observational
- Mycobacterium leprae induces a tolerogenic profile in monocyte-derived dendritic cells via TLR2 induction of IDO.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2021Article
- Susceptibility and resistance in leprosy: Studies in the mouse model.Immunological reviews · 2021Review
- Comparison of IL-17 and FOXP3+ Levels in Maternal and Children Leprosy Patients in Endemic and Nonendemic Areas.Interdisciplinary perspectives on infectious diseases · 2021Article
- New insights into the pathogenesis of leprosy: contribution of subversion of host cell metabolism to bacterial persistence, disease progression, and transmission.F1000Research · 2020Review
- Murine experimental leprosy: Evaluation of immune response by analysis of peritoneal lavage cells and footpad histopathology.International journal of experimental pathology · 2019Article
- In situ T regulatory cells and Th17 cytokines in paired samples of leprosy type 1 and type 2 reactions.PloS one · 2018Article
- Emerging Concepts of Adaptive Immunity in Leprosy.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- LiveAmerican journal of translational research · 2018Article
- A case report of erythroderma in a patient with borderline leprosy on reversal reaction: a result of the exacerbated reaction?BMC dermatology · 2017Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
T regulatory cells (Tregs) play an important role in the mechanism of host's failure to control pathogen dissemination in severe forms of different chronic granulomatous diseases, but their role in leprosy has not yet been elucidated; 28 newly diagnosed patients (16 patients with lepromatous leprosy and 12 patients with tuberculoid leprosy) and 6 healthy Mycobacterium leprae-exposed individuals (contacts) were studied. Tregs were quantified by flow cytometry (CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated in vitro with a M. leprae antigenic preparation and phytohemagglutinin as well as in skin lesions by immunohistochemistry. The lymphoproliferative (LPR), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) responses of the in vitro-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells and the in situ expression of IL-10, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) were also determined. We show that M. leprae antigens induced significantly lower LPR but significantly higher Treg numbers in lepromatous than tuberculoid patients and contacts. Mitogen-induced LPR and Treg frequencies were not significantly different among the three groups. Tregs were also more frequent in situ in lepromatous patients, and this finding was paralleled by increased expression of the antiinflammatory molecules IL-10 and CTLA-4 but not TGF-β. In lepromatous patients, Tregs were intermingled with vacuolized hystiocyte infiltrates all over the lesion, whereas in tuberculoid patients, Tregs were rare. Our results suggest that Tregs are present in increased numbers, and they may have a pathogenic role in leprosy patients harboring uncontrolled bacillary multiplication but not in those individuals capable of limiting M. leprae growth.
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