ArticleThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene2012
Usefulness of the rK39-immunochromatographic test, direct agglutination test, and leishmanin skin test for detecting asymptomatic Leishmania infection in children in a new visceral leishmaniasis focus in Amhara State, Ethiopia.
Article in The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Visceral leishmaniasis elimination in Ethiopia: insights into epidemiology, transmission, treatment access, and outcome - a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Prevalence of asymptomatic Leishmania donovani infection and associated factors in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Performance of rapid rk39 tests for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2021Pooled it
- Longitudinal evaluation of asymptomatic Leishmania infection in HIV-infected individuals in North-West Ethiopia: A pilot study.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2019Trial
- Prevalence of Leishmania infection in refugee camps: A serological and molecular study in Gambella and Benishangul-Gumuz, Ethiopia.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Demographic characteristics and prevalence of asymptomaticFrontiers in epidemiology · 2024Article
- Detection of asymptomatic Leishmania infection in blood donors at two blood banks in Ethiopia.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Identification of asymptomatic Leishmania infections: a scoping review.Parasites & vectors · 2022Article
- A review of the leishmanin skin test: A neglected test for a neglected disease.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Review
- Article
- Leishmaniasis diagnosis: an update on the use of parasitological, immunological and molecular methods.Journal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology · 2020Review
- Evaluation of methods for detection of asymptomatic individuals infected with Leishmania infantum in the state of Piauí, Brazil.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2019Article
- Epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis in Shebelle Zone of Somali Region, eastern Ethiopia.Parasites & vectors · 2019Article
- Article
- Performance of two immunochromatographic tests for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in patients coinfected with HIV.Parasitology research · 2018Article
- Article
- Serological and Molecular Analysis ofThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2017Article
- Observational
- IFN-γ, IL-2, IP-10, and MIG as Biomarkers of Exposure toFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2017Article
- A screen-and-treat strategy targeting visceral leishmaniasis in HIV-infected individuals in endemic East African countries: the way forward?PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In areas where visceral leishmaniasis is anthroponotic, asymptomatically infected patients may play a role in transmission. Additionally, the number of asymptomatic patients in a disease-endemic area will also provide information on transmission dynamics. Libo Kemkem and Fogera districts (Amhara State, Ethiopia) are now considered newly established areas to which visceral leishmaniasis is endemic. In selected villages in these districts, we conducted a study to assess the usefulness of different approaches to estimate the asymptomatic infection rate. Of 605 participants, the rK39 immunochromatographic test was able to detect asymptomatic infection in 1.5% (9 of 605), direct agglutination test in 5.3% (32 of 605), and leishmanin skin test in 5.6% (33 of 589); the combined use of serologic methods and leishmanin skin test enabled detecting asymptomatic infection in 10.1% (61 of 605). We conclude that the best option to detect asymptomatic infection in this new visceral leishmaniasis-endemic focus is the combined use of the direct agglutination test and the leishmanin skin test.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.