ArticleNature protocols2012
Elucidating membrane structure and protein behavior using giant plasma membrane vesicles.
Article in Nature protocols, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 275 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
275 citing papers in PubMed, 554 citations in OpenAlex.
- Paraformaldehyde-Induced Vesiculation Preserves Native Membrane Physiological States Critical for T‑Cell Activation.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Phase separation across membranes and condensates in cell organization and function.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2026Review
- Lipidomic profiling reveals age-dependent changes in plasma membrane lipids that affect neural stem cell aging.Science advances · 2026Article
- MSC-mimicking nanovesicle embedded bio-adhesive hydrogel for dual immunomodulation and osteogenesis to promote maxillofacial bone regeneration.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Protein-enhanced small molecule disruptors of ordered membrane domains.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Studying Macromolecular Composition in Cell-Cell Interfaces Using 3D Membrane Reconstitution Systems.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Breast cancer cell-derived extracellular vesicles accelerate collagen fibrillogenesis and integrate into the matrix.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Connexin 43-Enriched Vesicles Improve Synchronization in hiPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Structural and functional modifications of neuronal lipid rafts: implications for HIV-associated neurological disorders.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Apical and basolateral plasma membranes in epithelial cells have distinct lipidomes and biophysical properties.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Molecular mechanisms of flotillin complexes in organizing membrane microdomains.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Ether lipids influence cancer cell fate by modulating iron uptake.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Pharmacological tools to modulate ordered membrane domains and order-dependent protein function.Communications chemistry · 2026Article
- Ether lipids influence cancer cell fate by modulating iron uptake.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Automated Label-Free Assay for Viral Detection and Inhibitor Screening via Biomembrane-Functionalized Microelectrode Arrays.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025Article
- Hypoxia Modulates Membrane Mechanics in Pancreatic Cancer.The Journal of membrane biology · 2025Article
- ER exit sites mediated by the COPII adaptor sec24D selectively recruit lipid raft-preferring proteins for rapid ER export.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Apical and basolateral plasma membranes in epithelial cells have distinct lipidomes and biophysical properties.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Pharmacological Tools to Modulate Ordered Membrane Domains and Order-Dependent Protein Function.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Influenza viral infection at the plasma membrane is restricted by lipid composition.Journal of virology · 2025Article
215 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The observation of phase separation in intact plasma membranes isolated from live cells is a breakthrough for research into eukaryotic membrane lateral heterogeneity, specifically in the context of membrane rafts. These observations are made in giant plasma membrane vesicles (GPMVs), which can be isolated by chemical vesiculants from a variety of cell types and microscopically observed using basic reagents and equipment available in any cell biology laboratory. Microscopic phase separation is detectable by fluorescent labeling, followed by cooling of the membranes below their miscibility phase transition temperature. This protocol describes the methods to prepare and isolate the vesicles, equipment to observe them under temperature-controlled conditions and three examples of fluorescence analysis: (i) fluorescence spectroscopy with an environment-sensitive dye (laurdan); (ii) two-photon microscopy of the same dye; and (iii) quantitative confocal microscopy to determine component partitioning between raft and nonraft phases. GPMV preparation and isolation, including fluorescent labeling and observation, can be accomplished within 4 h.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.