ReviewHormones and behavior2013
Gender, sex steroid hormones, and Alzheimer's disease.
Review in Hormones and behavior, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 120 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
120 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 255 citations in OpenAlex.
- Discovery of novel ancestry specific genes for androgens and hypogonadism in Million Veteran Program Men.Nature communications · 2025Pooled it
- Risk of glaucoma to subsequent dementia or cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2024Pooled it
- Male- and female-specific reproductive risk factors across the lifespan for dementia or cognitive decline: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Quantifying observational evidence for risk of dementia following androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases · 2021Pooled it
- Androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer and dementia risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases · 2017Pooled it
- Cognitive effects of estradiol after menopause: A randomized trial of the timing hypothesis.Neurology · 2016Trial
- Trans-activator of transcription-pre-B-cell leukemia transcription factor 1 alleviates Alzheimer's disease by reducing neuronal insulin resistance and restoring energy homeostasis.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Alzheimer's disease-related mutations in APP influence colorectal tumor formation in a sex-dependent manner.iScience · 2026Article
- Cancer treatment-related cognitive impairment.Neuro-oncology advances · 2026Review
- Association between sex hormones and innate cytotoxic capacity of circulating and rectal mucosal immune cells.Clinical immunology communications · 2026Article
- Multi-Omics Integration and Causal Inference Identify HSD17B1 as a Potential Nobiletin Target Linking Neurosteroid Metabolism to Alzheimer's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Risk factors underlying brain structure change rate in cognitive decline: Results from genomewide and phenomewide investigations.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- An investigation of 2-hydrazinyl-1,3-benzothiazole, 4-amino-4H-1,2,4-triazole and 2-hydrazinyl-1H-benzimidazole applicability as derivatization reagents for HPLC-HRMS determination of steroid hormones in urine.Frontiers in chemistry · 2026Article
- Bioenergetics and lipid metabolism in Alzheimer's disease: From cell biology to systemic health.Journal of internal medicine · 2026Review
- CSF estrogens' relationships to neuroinflammatory markers and brain networks in middle-aged and older black and white women.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Electroacupuncture Prevents Against AD-Like Phenotypes in APP/PS1 Mice: Investigation of the Mechanisms From Cerebral Microangiopathy.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Article
- Influence of age and sex on presymptomatic phases of neurodegenerative diseases: Focus on multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease.Revue neurologique · 2025Review
- Disease-disease interactions: molecular links of neurodegenerative diseases with cancer, viral infections, and type 2 diabetes.Translational neurodegeneration · 2025Review
- Associations Between Prostate Cancer and Dementia: A Nationwide Study in Sweden.European urology oncology · 2025Article
- Article
60 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Age-related loss of sex steroid hormones is a established risk factor for the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in women and men. While the relationships between the sex steroid hormones and AD are not fully understood, findings from both human and experimental paradigms indicate that depletion of estrogens in women and androgens in men increases vulnerability of the aging brain to AD pathogenesis. We review evidence of a wide range of beneficial neural actions of sex steroid hormones that may contribute to their hypothesized protective roles against AD. Both estrogens and androgens exert general neuroprotective actions relevant to a several neurodegenerative conditions, some in a sex-specific manner, including protection from neuron death and promotion of select aspects of neural plasticity. In addition, estrogens and androgens regulate key processes implicated in AD pathogenesis, in particular the accumulation of β-amyloid protein. We discuss evidence of hormone-specific mechanisms related to the regulation of the production and clearance of β-amyloid as critical protective pathways. Continued elucidation of these pathways promises to yield effective hormone-based strategies to delay development of AD.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.