ArticleRetrovirology2012
Protein kinase C-delta regulates HIV-1 replication at an early post-entry step in macrophages.
Article in Retrovirology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Expanding the scope of PI3K-δ inhibition: Leniolisib treatment in PRKCD deficiency.Journal of human immunity · 2026Article
- Vitamin D-Induced Antimicrobial Peptides in Combating Viral Infections.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Rottlerin inhibits macropinocytosis of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus through the PKCδ-Cofilin signaling pathway.PloS one · 2025Article
- An Update on Protein Kinases as Therapeutic Targets-Part I: Protein Kinase C Activation and Its Role in Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Phenotypic Variability in PRKCD: a Review of the Literature.Journal of clinical immunology · 2023Review
- Rottlerin-Liposome Inhibits the Endocytosis of Feline Coronavirus Infection.Veterinary sciences · 2023Article
- The metabolomics of a protein kinase C delta (PKCδ) knock-out mouse model.Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society · 2022Article
- Rottlerin plays an antiviral role at early and late steps of Zika virus infection.Virologica Sinica · 2022Article
- Bryostatin-1 Decreases HIV-1 Infection and Viral Production in Human Primary Macrophages.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- Junin Virus Activates p38 MAPK and HSP27 Upon Entry.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- Co-receptor signaling in the pathogenesis of neuroHIV.Retrovirology · 2021Review
- Promising role of defensins peptides as therapeutics to combat against viral infection.Microbial pathogenesis · 2021Review
- Article
- Protein Kinase C subtype δ interacts with Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus capsid protein and regulates viral RNA binding through modulation of capsid phosphorylation.PLoS pathogens · 2020Article
- HIV-1 Envelope Glycoproteins Induce the Production of TNF-α and IL-10 in Human Monocytes by Activating Calcium Pathway.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Protein kinase C-delta (PKCδ), a marker of inflammation and tuberculosis disease progression in humans, is important for optimal macrophage killing effector functions and survival in mice.Mucosal immunology · 2018Article
- Article
- Phosphoproteomic analysis reveals Smad protein family activation following Rift Valley fever virus infection.PloS one · 2018Article
- PKC-δ isoform plays a crucial role in Tat-TLR4 signalling pathway to activate NF-κB and CXCL8 production.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Perspectives for clinical use of engineered human host defense antimicrobial peptides.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMacrophages, which are CD4 and CCR5 positive, can sustain HIV-1 replication for long periods of time. Thus, these cells play critical roles in the transmission, dissemination and persistence of viral infection. Of note, current antiviral therapies do not target macrophages efficiently. Previously, it was demonstrated that interactions between CCR5 and gp120 stimulate PKC. However, the PKC isozymes involved were not identified.
resultsIn this study, we identified PKC-delta as a major cellular cofactor for HIV-1 replication in macrophages. Indeed, PKC-delta was stimulated following the interaction between the virus and its target cell. Moreover, inhibition of PKC-delta blocked the replication of R5-tropic viruses in primary human macrophages. However, this inhibition did not have significant effects on receptor and co-receptor expression or fusion. Additionally, it did not affect the formation of the early reverse transcription product containing R/U5 sequences, but did inhibit the synthesis of subsequent cDNAs. Importantly, the inhibition of PKC-delta altered the redistribution of actin, a cellular cofactor whose requirement for the completion of reverse transcription was previously established. It also prevented the association of the reverse transcription complex with the cytoskeleton.
conclusionThis work highlights the importance of PKC-delta during early steps of the replicative cycle of HIV-1 in human macrophages.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.