ReviewExpert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology2012
Role of CAR and PXR in xenobiotic sensing and metabolism.
Review in Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 132 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
132 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 235 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review and Classification of the Effects of P-glycoprotein Inhibitors and Inducers in Humans, Using Digoxin, Fexofenadine, and Dabigatran as Probe Drugs.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2025Pooled it
- Cardioprotective Chinese herbs and antiretroviral drug metabolism: a systematic review of in vitro evidence.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Results from Drug-Drug Interaction Studies In Vitro and In Vivo Investigating the Effect of Finerenone on the Pharmacokinetics of Comedications.European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics · 2020Trial
- Genetic Variation inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Functional and Evolutionary Insights of NR1J1 Nuclear Receptors: A Diversified Sensing Weapon in Bivalves.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- CYP1A1 as a conserved metabolic circuit linking environmental sensing to immune regulation.Archives of toxicology · 2026Review
- In Silico Comparison of Rifampicin and 25-desacetyl Rifampicin-Induced PXR-Mediated CYP450 Transcriptional Response in 3D Primary Human Hepatocytes.Bulletin of mathematical biology · 2026Article
- Review
- Canine duodenal organoids as a functional platform for intestinal CYP regulation and drug metabolism studies.Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals · 2025Article
- Profiling the Tox21 Compound Library for Their Inhibitory Effects on Cytochrome P450 Enzymes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Quantifying expression and metabolic activity of genes regulated by pregnane X receptor in primary human hepatocyte spheroids.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- Bioactivity of the ubiquitous tire preservative 6PPD and degradant, 6PPD-quinone in fish- and mammalian-based assays.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2025Article
- Impact of Persistent Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals on Human Nuclear Receptors: Insights from In Silico and Experimental Characterization.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- How Uremic Toxins Alter Atorvastatin Disposition: Molecular Mechanisms of Inhibition of the Enzyme CYP3A4.Balkan medical journal · 2025Article
- HNF4α contributes to hepatic CAR dysfunction in polymicrobial sepsis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Constitutive androstane receptor, liver pathophysiology and chemical contaminants: current evidence and perspectives.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Recent advances in gut microbiota metabolite regulation of hepatic pregnane X receptor.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Development of BODIPY FL SNS 032 as a Versatile Probe for Constitutive Androstane Receptor and Multiple Kinases.ACS medicinal chemistry letters · 2024Article
- Adverse Food Reactions: Physiological and Ecological Perspectives.Annual review of nutrition · 2024Review
- The desert woodrat (Neotoma lepida) induces a diversity of biotransformation genes in response to creosote bush resin.Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology & pharmacology : CBP · 2024Article
72 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionThe xenobiotic detoxification system, which protects the human body from external chemicals, comprises drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters whose expressions are regulated by pregnane X receptor (PXR) and the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR). The progress made in a large number of recent studies calls for a timely review to summarize and highlight these key discoveries. AREAS COVERED: This review summarizes recent advances in elucidating the roles of PXR and CAR in the xenobiotic detoxification system. It also highlights the progress in understanding the regulation of PXR and CAR activity at the post-translational levels, as well as the structural basis for the regulation of these two xenobiotic sensors. EXPERT OPINION: Future efforts are needed to discover novel agonists and antagonists with species and isoform selectivity, to systematically understand the regulation of PXR and CAR at multiple levels (transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational levels) in response to xenobiotics exposure, and to solve the structures of the full-length receptors, which will be enabled by improved protein expression and purification techniques and approaches. In addition, more efforts will be needed to validate PXR and CAR as disease-related therapeutic targets and thus expand their roles as master xenobiotic sensors.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.