ReviewCold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine2012
HIV Restriction Factors and Mechanisms of Evasion.
Review in Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 328 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
328 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Multiple Inhibitory Factors Act in the Late Phase of HIV-1 Replication: a Systematic Review of the Literature.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2018Pooled it
- The TLR9 agonist MGN1703 triggers a potent type I interferon response in the sigmoid colon.Mucosal immunology · 2018Trial
- Short-Course Toll-Like Receptor 9 Agonist Treatment Impacts Innate Immunity and Plasma Viremia in Individuals With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2017Trial
- Replication-competent SIVcpz CRISPR screen identifies barriers to successful cross-species transmission.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- BST-2 inhibits SARS-CoV-2 egress at intracellular membranes and is neutralized by ORF7a.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Single-cell analysis of signalling and transcriptional responses to type I interferons.EMBO reports · 2026Article
- DNA damage induced by HIV-1 Vpr triggers epigenetic remodeling and transcriptional programs to enhance virus transcription and latency reactivation.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- Cross-omics mapping of the human HIV restrictome across clinical states, immune-cell compartments, and protein responses.PloS one · 2026Article
- Multiple rotavirus species encode fusion-associated small transmembrane (FAST) proteins with cell type-specific activity.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Article
- Characterization of HIV-1 Particles Co-Purified With Three Extracellular Vesicle Subtypes From the Raji CD4 DCIR Cell Line, a Hybrid Model of CD4 T Cells and Dendritic Cells.Journal of extracellular biology · 2025Article
- Mammalian antiviral proteins ZAP and KHNYN can independently restrict CpG-enriched avian viruses.PLoS biology · 2025Article
- IFN-inducible human phospholipid scramblase 1 (PLSCR1) protein restricts HIV-1 infection by inhibiting membrane fusion.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Mammalian ZAP and KHNYN can independently restrict CpG-enriched avian viruses.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Article
- Evolution of antiviral host defenses against a backdrop of endogenous retroelements.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Review
- HIV-1 nuclear import is selective and depends on both capsid elasticity and nuclear pore adaptability.Nature microbiology · 2025Article
- IFN-inducible Human Phospholipid Scramblase 1 (PLSCR1) Protein Restricts HIV-1 Infection by Inhibiting Membrane Fusion.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Indels allow antiviral proteins to evolve functional novelty inaccessible by missense mutations.Cell genomics · 2025Article
- Progress in Pseudotyping Lentiviral Vectors Towards Cell-Specific Gene Delivery In Vivo.Viruses · 2025Review
268 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Retroviruses have long been a fertile model for discovering host-pathogen interactions and their associated biological principles and processes. These advances have not only informed fundamental concepts of viral replication and pathogenesis but have also provided novel insights into host cell biology. This is illustrated by the recent descriptions of host-encoded restriction factors that can serve as effective inhibitors of retroviral replication. Here, we review our understanding of the three restriction factors that have been widely shown to be potent inhibitors of HIV-1: namely, APOBEC3G, TRIM5α, and tetherin. In each case, we discuss how these unrelated proteins were identified, the mechanisms by which they inhibit replication, the means used by HIV-1 to evade their action, and their potential contributions to viral pathogenesis as well as inter- and intraspecies transmission.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.