Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22551995›Full record

ArticleNursing research

Latent variable mixture modeling: a flexible statistical approach for identifying and classifying heterogeneity.

Sarah J Schmiege, Paula Meek, Angela D Bryan, Hans Petersen

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nursing research. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
25citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

25 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
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  4. Exploring Profiles of Risk and Protective Factors Among Youth Mentees: For Whom Does Mentoring Work?Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2026
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  8. Functional improvement for patients with stroke receiving postacute care rehabilitation program.Journal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences · 2024
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Profiles of Working Moms' Daily Time Use: Exploring Their Impact on Leisure.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Observational
  17. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Sarah J SchmiegeDepartment of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado-Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA. Sarah.Schmiege@ucdenver.edu
Paula Meek
Angela D Bryan
Hans Petersen

Funding

CTSA INFRASTRUCTURE FOR PEDIATRIC RESEARCHUL1RR025780 · NCRR · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI SOKOL, RONALD J. · 2008 to 2011
$61.3M
ZUNI KIDNEY PROJECT STUDY I--POPULATION BASED SURVEY OF RENAL DISEASEM01RR000997 · NCRR · UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO · PI ROLDAN, CARLOS A · 1985 to 2010
$30.0M
Factors for Epigenetic Silencing of Lung Cancer GenesR01CA097356 · NCI · LOVELACE BIOMEDICAL & ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI BELINSKY, STEVEN A · 2004 to 2014
$6.3M
Resolution of Epithelial Cell HyperplasiaR01ES015482 · NIEHS · LOVELACE BIOMEDICAL & ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI TESFAIGZI, YOHANNES · 2009 to 2013
$2.6M
Marijuana use, gender, and adolescent HIV sexual riskR01DA019139 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO · PI BRYAN, ANGELA D · 2004 to 2007
$1.4M
NCI NIH HHS R01 CA 097356NCI NIH HHS R01 CA097356NCRR NIH HHS 5M01 RR00997NCRR NIH HHS M01 RR000997NCRR NIH HHS UL1 RR025780NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA019139NIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES015482
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundLatent variable mixture modeling is becoming increasingly popular in nursing research, in part due to the sophistication of the method in identifying relationships, patterns, and clusters in the data.

objectiveThe aim of this study was to provide an overview of mixture modeling techniques, specifically as applied to nursing research, and to present examples from two studies to illustrate how these techniques may be used cross-sectionally and longitudinally.

methodsThe first data example demonstrates the use of latent profile analysis as applied to the St. George respiratory symptoms questionnaire in 2,232 smokers from the Lovelace Smokers Cohort. The second data example demonstrates growth mixture modeling as applied to condom use trajectories among 728 at-risk adolescents on probation.

resultsThree classes of symptoms emerged among the smokers cohort: those who were high on all symptoms, those who were low on all symptoms, and those who were high on cough and phlegm only. These classes were then distinguishable by participant gender and wood smoke exposure. In the second data example, four classes of condom use emerged. Only 59% of the sample indicated the previously reported decline in condom use over time; condom use remained stable or significantly increased for the remaining 41%. DISCUSSION: Both sets of results provide additional substantive information about patterns in the data that were not apparent from previously applied traditional methodological techniques. Considerations for the use of latent variable mixture modeling in nursing research are discussed.

Indexed as

Models, StatisticalAdolescentAdultAgedCondomsCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansJuvenile DelinquencyLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedNursing ResearchRespiratory Tract DiseasesSmokingUnited States

Identifiers

PMID22551995
PMCPMC12301175

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.