ArticleBMC neurology2012
An olfactory 'stress test' may detect preclinical Alzheimer's disease.
Article in BMC neurology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Olfactory Dysfunction as a Global Biomarker for Sniffing out Alzheimer's Disease: A Meta-Analysis.Biosensors · 2018Pooled it
- Equating scores of the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test and Sniffin' Sticks test in patients with Parkinson's disease.Parkinsonism & related disorders · 2016Pooled it
- Olfactory Deficits Predict Cognitive Improvement on Donepezil in Patients With Depression and Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study.Alzheimer disease and associated disordersTrial
- International consensus statement on allergy and rhinology: Olfaction.International forum of allergy & rhinology · 2022Review
- Intrusion Errors and Progression of Cognitive Deficits in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment and PreMCI States.Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders · 2021Article
- Odor identification impairment and cholinesterase inhibitor treatment in Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2021Article
- Non-motor Clinical and Biomarker Predictors Enable High Cross-Validated Accuracy Detection of Early PD but Lesser Cross-Validated Accuracy Detection of Scans Without Evidence of Dopaminergic Deficit.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Article
- Sudden Intrabulbar Amyloid Increase Simultaneously Disrupts Olfactory Bulb Oscillations and Odor Detection.Neural plasticity · 2019Article
- Combining clinical and biofluid markers for early Parkinson's disease detection.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2018Article
- Brain fingerprints of olfaction: a novel structural method for assessing olfactory cortical networks in health and disease.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Olfactory identification in subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment: Association with tau but not amyloid positron emission tomography.Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2017Article
- The role of olfactory challenge tests in incipient dementia and clinical trial design.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2014Review
- Subregional basal forebrain atrophy in Alzheimer's disease: a multicenter study.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2014Article
- Olfactory functions scale with circuit restoration in a rapidly reversible Alzheimer's disease model.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2013Article
- Article
- Early Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease pathology in urban children: Friend versus Foe responses--it is time to face the evidence.BioMed research international · 2013Review
- Olfaction: Smell of Change in the Air.Cerebrum : the Dana forum on brain scienceArticle
- Olanzapine Improved Symptoms and Olfactory Function in an Olfactory Reference Syndrome Patient.The Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciencesArticle
- Olfactory dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease Systematic review and meta-analysis.Dementia & neuropsychologiaArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe olfactory bulb (OB) receives extensive cholinergic input from the basal forebrain and is affected very early in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We speculated that an olfactory 'stress test' (OST), targeting the OB, might be used to unmask incipient AD. We investigated if change in olfactory performance following intranasal atropine was associated with several known antecedents or biomarkers of AD.
methodsWe measured change in performance on the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) in the left nostril before (20-items) and after (remaining 20-items) intranasal administration of 1 mg of atropine. We administered cognitive tests, measured hippocampal volume from MRI scans and recorded Apolipoprotein E genotype as indices relevant to underlying AD.
resultsIn a convenience sample of 56 elderly individuals (14 probable AD, 13 cognitive impairment no dementia, 29 cognitively intact) the change in UPSIT score after atropine ('atropine effect' = AE) correlated significantly with demographically scaled episodic memory score (r = 0.57, p < 0.001) and left hippocampal volume (LHCV) (r = 0.53, p < 0.001). Among non-demented individuals (n = 42), AE correlated with episodic memory (r = 0.52, p < 0.001) and LHCV (r = 0.49, p < 0.001) and hierarchical linear regression models adjusted for age, gender, education, and baseline UPSIT showed that the AE explained more variance in memory performance (24%) than did LHCV (15%). The presence of any APOE ϵ4 allele was associated with a more negative AE (p = 0.014).
conclusionsThe OST using atropine as an olfactory probe holds promise as a simple, inexpensive screen for early and preclinical AD and further work, including longitudinal studies, is needed to explore this possibility.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.