ArticleHeredity2012
Genetic diversity of MHC class I loci in six non-model frogs is shaped by positive selection and gene duplication.
Article in Heredity, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed.
- Amphibians After Disease-Induced Declines: Genetic Insights Into Population Recoveries.Molecular ecology · 2026Article
- Selection of geographical populations suitable for artificial breeding of the Northeast China Brown Frog (Rana dybowskii).Die Naturwissenschaften · 2025Article
- The Amphibian Major Histocompatibility Complex-A Review and Future Outlook.Journal of molecular evolution · 2025Review
- The amphibian immune system.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2023Review
- Conserved Evolution of MHC Supertypes among Japanese Frogs Suggests Selection for Bd Resistance.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- MHC architecture in amphibians - ancestral reconstruction, gene rearrangements and duplication patterns.Genome biology and evolution · 2023Article
- Article
- Depauperate major histocompatibility complex variation in the endangered reticulated flatwoods salamander (Ambystoma bishopi).Immunogenetics · 2020Article
- TheAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2019Article
- Episodic positive diversifying selection on key immune system genes in major avian lineages.Genetica · 2019Article
- Signatures of historical selection on MHC reveal different selection patterns in the moor frog (Rana arvalis).Immunogenetics · 2018Article
- Article
- High polymorphism in MHC-DRB genes in golden snub-nosed monkeys reveals balancing selection in small, isolated populations.BMC evolutionary biology · 2018Article
- The North American bullfrog draft genome provides insight into hormonal regulation of long noncoding RNA.Nature communications · 2017Article
- Characterization of MHC class IA in the endangered southern corroboree frog.Immunogenetics · 2017Article
- Egernia stokesii (gidgee skink) MHC I positively selected sites lack concordance with HLA peptide binding regions.Immunogenetics · 2017Article
- Characterisation of major histocompatibility complex class I genes in Japanese Ranidae frogs.Immunogenetics · 2016Article
- Contrasting evolutionary histories of MHC class I and class II loci in grouse--effects of selection and gene conversion.Heredity · 2016Article
- Balancing selection and recombination as evolutionary forces caused population genetic variations in golden pheasant MHC class I genes.BMC evolutionary biology · 2016Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Comparative studies of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes across vertebrate species can reveal the evolutionary processes that shape the structure and function of immune regulatory proteins. In this study, we characterized MHC class I sequences from six frog species representing three anuran families (Hylidae, Centrolenidae and Ranidae). Using cDNA from our focal species, we amplified a total of 79 unique sequences spanning exons 2-4 that encode the extracellular domains of the functional alpha chain protein. We compared intra- and interspecific nucleotide and amino-acid divergence, tested for recombination, and identified codon sites under selection by estimating the rate of non-synonymous to synonymous substitutions with multiple codon-based maximum likelihood methods. We determined that positive (diversifying) selection was acting on specific amino-acid sites located within the domains that bind pathogen-derived peptides. We also found significant signals of recombination across the physical distance of the genes. Finally, we determined that all the six species expressed two or three putative classical class I loci, in contrast to the single locus condition of Xenopus laevis. Our results suggest that MHC evolution in anurans is a dynamic process and that variation in numbers of loci and genetic diversity can exist among taxa. Thus, the accumulation of genetic data for more species will be useful in further characterizing the relative importance of processes such as selection, recombination and gene duplication in shaping MHC loci among amphibian lineages.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.