ArticleBipolar disorders2012
Six-month outcomes of customized adherence enhancement (CAE) therapy in bipolar disorder.
Article in Bipolar disorders, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association Between Adherence Barriers, Self-Reported Adherence, and Psychiatric Symptoms Among Adults With Bipolar Disorder.Bipolar disorders · 2025Trial
- A 6-month, prospective, randomized controlled trial of customized adherence enhancement versus a bipolar-specific educational control in poorly adherent adolescents and young adults living with bipolar disorder.Bipolar disorders · 2024Trial
- A 6-Month, Prospective, Randomized Controlled Trial of Customized Adherence Enhancement Versus Bipolar-Specific Educational Control in Poorly Adherent Individuals With Bipolar Disorder.The Journal of clinical psychiatry · 2018Trial
- Medication adherence in a comparative effectiveness trial for bipolar disorder.Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica · 2014Trial
- Prospective trial of customized adherence enhancement plus long-acting injectable antipsychotic medication in homeless or recently homeless individuals with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.The Journal of clinical psychiatry · 2013Trial
- Nurse-led treatment engagement interventions for persons with severe mental illnesses in community settings.World journal of psychiatry · 2025Review
- A Customized Medication Adherence Enhancement Program for Adolescents and Young Adults With ADHD (CAE-ADHD): Primary Outcomes.Journal of attention disorders · 2025Article
- Perceived Barriers to Medication Adherence in Adolescents and Young Adults with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Adapting the Customized Adherence Enhancement Intervention.Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBP · 2025Article
- Article
- A customized adherence enhancement program for adolescents and young adults with suboptimal adherence and bipolar disorder: Trial design and methodological report.Contemporary clinical trials · 2022Article
- A Smartphone-Based Self-management Intervention for Individuals With Bipolar Disorder (LiveWell): Empirical and Theoretical Framework, Intervention Design, and Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2022Article
- Article
- Identifying Poor Adherence in Outpatients with Bipolar Disorder: A Comparison of Different Measures.Journal of neurosciences in rural practice · 2022Article
- Article
- Attitudes toward antipsychotic treatment among patients with bipolar disorders and their clinicians: a systematic review.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2017Review
- Why do psychiatric patients stop antipsychotic medication? A systematic review of reasons for nonadherence to medication in patients with serious mental illness.Patient preference and adherence · 2017Review
- Review
- Symptom severity, self-reported adherence, and electronic pill monitoring in poorly adherent patients with bipolar disorder.Bipolar disorders · 2015Article
- Trajectories of medication attitudes and adherence behavior change in non-adherent bipolar patients.Comprehensive psychiatry · 2015Article
- A technology-enabled adherence enhancement system for people with bipolar disorder: results from a feasibility and patient acceptance analysis.Patient preference and adherence · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThere are few psychosocial interventions specifically focused on improved treatment adherence in people with bipolar disorder (BD). Customized adherence enhancement (CAE) is a needs-based, manualized approach intended to improve medication adherence in individuals with BD. This was a six-month prospective trial of a CAE among 43 medication non-adherent individuals with BD who were receiving treatment in a community mental health clinic (CMHC).
methodsCAE was flexibly administered in modules applied as indicated by an initial adherence vulnerabilities screening. Screening identified reasons for non-adherence and modules were then administered using pre-set criteria. CAE effects were evaluated at six-week, three-month, and six-month follow-up. The six-month follow-up was our primary time point of interest. The primary outcome was change from baseline in adherence using the Tablets Routine Questionnaire (TRQ) and pill counts. Secondary outcomes included change from baseline in BD symptoms [Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS)].
resultsSubjects completed 86% of scheduled sessions, with only two individuals (5%) not participating in any sessions. The number of dropouts at six months was 12 (28%). Mean baseline non-adherence by TRQ was 48% [standard error (SE) 4.8%] missed tablets within the previous week and 51% (4.1%) missed tablets within the previous month. At six-month follow-up, mean TRQ non-adherence improved to 25% (6.8%) missed tablets for the previous week (p = 0.002) and 21% (5.5%) for the previous month (p < 0.001). Symptoms improved, with a change in the baseline mean (SE) BPRS of 43.6 (1.8) versus an endpoint of 36.1 (2.3) (p = 0.001), and baseline mean (SE) HAM-D of 17.8 (1.1) versus an endpoint of 15.3 (1.6) (p = 0.044).
conclusionCAE was associated with improvements in adherence, symptoms, and functional status. Controlled trials are needed to confirm these preliminary findings.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.