ArticlePreventive medicine2012
Effectiveness of hand hygiene and provision of information in preventing influenza cases requiring hospitalization.
Article in Preventive medicine, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The Economic Value of Non-pharmaceutical Interventions for Influenza and COVID-19: A Systematic Review.Applied health economics and health policy · 2026Pooled it
- The effectiveness of hand hygiene interventions for preventing community transmission or acquisition of novel coronavirus or influenza infections: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effect of gargling with tea and ingredients of tea on the prevention of influenza infection: a meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2016Pooled it
- Use of non-pharmaceutical interventions to reduce the transmission of influenza in adults: A systematic review.Respirology (Carlton, Vic.) · 2015Pooled it
- Hand hygiene and risk of influenza virus infections in the community: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Epidemiology and infection · 2014Pooled it
- Thirty-one-year trends in diarrheal mortality and disability-adjusted life years attributable to lack of handwashing facilities.Tropical medicine and health · 2026Article
- Risk and resilience factors associated with the progression of influenza to severe disease outcomes: umbrella review protocol.BMJ open · 2025Article
- A systematic review of nudges on hand hygiene against the spread of COVID-19.Journal of behavioral and experimental economics · 2023Article
- Vaccine or Garlic-Is It a Choice? Awareness of Medical Personnel on Prevention of Influenza Infections.Vaccines · 2022Article
- Predictors of social distancing and hand washing among adults in five countries during COVID-19.PloS one · 2022Article
- Remember the past, plan for the future: How interactions between risk perception and behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic can inform future Canadian public health policy.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Associations of hand washing frequency with the incidence of illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of translational medicine · 2021Article
- Real-time surveillance systems: Applicability for the control of influenza in acute care.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2020Article
- Towards a data-driven characterization of behavioral changes induced by the seasonal flu.PLoS computational biology · 2020Article
- "#I-Am-Engaged": Conceptualization and First Implementation of a Multi-Actor Participatory, Co-designed Social Media Campaign to Raise Italians Citizens' Engagement in Preventing the Spread of COVID-19 Virus.Frontiers in psychology · 2020Article
- Measuring Italian citizens' engagement in the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic containment measures: A cross-sectional study.PloS one · 2020Article
- Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of children hospitalized due to influenza A and B in the south of Europe, 2010-2016.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Facing a Health Threat in a Complex Information Environment: A National Representative Survey Examining American Adults' Behavioral Responses to the 2009/2010 A(H1N1) Pandemic.Health education & behavior : the official publication of the Society for Public Health Education · 2018Article
- Estimates of seasonal influenza-associated mortality in Bangladesh, 2010-2012.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe objective of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions in preventing cases of influenza requiring hospitalization.
methodsWe performed a multicenter case-control study in 36 hospitals, in 2010 in Spain. Hospitalized influenza cases confirmed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and three matched controls (two hospital and one community control) per case were selected. The use of non-pharmacological measures seven days before the onset of symptoms (frequency of hand washing, use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers and handwashing after touching contaminated surfaces) was collected.
resultsWe studied 813 cases hospitalized for influenza and 2274 controls. The frequency of hand washing 5-10 times (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=0.65) and >10 times (aOR=0.59) and handwashing after contact with contaminated surfaces (aOR=0.65) were protective factors and were dose-responsive (p<0.001). Alcohol-based hand sanitizers were associated with marginal benefits (aOR=0.82).
conclusionsFrequent handwashing should be recommended to prevent influenza cases requiring hospitalization.
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Registered trials
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