ArticleInternational journal of Alzheimer's disease2012
Hormone replacement therapy and risk for neurodegenerative diseases.
Article in International journal of Alzheimer's disease, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The Bridging Integrator 1 Gene Polymorphism rs744373 and the Risk of Alzheimer's Disease in Caucasian and Asian Populations: An Updated Meta-Analysis.Molecular neurobiology · 2017Pooled it
- An Updated Analysis with 85,939 Samples Confirms the Association Between CR1 rs6656401 Polymorphism and Alzheimer's Disease.Molecular neurobiology · 2015Pooled it
- The CLU gene rs11136000 variant is significantly associated with Alzheimer's disease in Caucasian and Asian populations.Neuromolecular medicine · 2014Pooled it
- Postmenopausal hormone therapy is not associated with risk of all-cause dementia and Alzheimer's disease.Epidemiologic reviews · 2014Pooled it
- GPER in murine astrocytes and mural cells promotes neurovascular coupling and Aβ clearance.Research square · 2026Article
- Cholesterol at the Center of Alzheimer's Disease: A Unifying Hypothesis on the Pathogenic Mechanism.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- HSPBiomedicines · 2025Article
- Emerging Pro-neurogenic Therapeutic Strategies for Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Review of Pre-clinical and Clinical Research.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- The identification of c-Abl inhibitors as potential agents for Parkinson's disease: a preliminary in silico approach.Molecular diversity · 2024Article
- Review
- Beyond boundaries: Neuroprotective effects of steroids and ecdysteroids in SH-SY5Y cells - A systematic review.Neuroprotection (Chichester, England) · 2024Review
- Increased palmitoylation improves estrogen receptor alpha-dependent hippocampal synaptic deficits in a mouse model of synucleinopathy.Science advances · 2023Article
- Positive associations between sex hormones, bone metabolism and cognitive impairment in Chinese oldest-old females.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
- Age- and sex-related differences of periodontal bone resorption, cognitive function, and immune state in APP/PS1 murine model of Alzheimer's disease.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2023Article
- Effects of estrogen and raloxifene on synaptic density in the hippocampal CA1 region of ovariectomized rats.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2023Article
- Sex differences in hippocampal β-amyloid accumulation in the triple-transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease and the potential role of local estrogens.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
- Sex Differences in Dopaminergic Vulnerability to Environmental Toxicants - Implications for Parkinson's Disease.Current environmental health reports · 2022Review
- The Role of the Thioredoxin System in Brain Diseases.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Biological determinants impact the neurovascular toxicity of nicotine and tobacco smoke: A pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics perspective.Neurotoxicology · 2022Review
- Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in Alzheimer's disease and its pharmaceutical potential.Translational neurodegeneration · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Over the past two decades, there has been a significant amount of research investigating the risks and benefits of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with regards to neurodegenerative disease. Here, we review basic science studies, randomized clinical trials, and epidemiological studies, and discuss the putative neuroprotective effects of HRT in the context of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, frontotemporal dementia, and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder. Findings to date suggest a reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease and improved cognitive functioning of postmenopausal women who use 17β-estradiol. With regards to Parkinson's disease, there is consistent evidence from basic science studies for a neuroprotective effect of 17β-estradiol; however, results of clinical and epidemiological studies are inconclusive at this time, and there is a paucity of research examining the association between HRT and Parkinson's-related neurocognitive impairment. Even less understood are the effects of HRT on risk for frontotemporal dementia and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder. Limits to the existing research are discussed, along with proposed future directions for the investigation of HRT and neurodegenerative diseases.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.