ArticleAutoimmune diseases2012
Recombinant T-Cell Receptor Ligand (RTL) for Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 1, Dose-Escalation Study.
Article in Autoimmune diseases, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Safety and efficacy of antigen-specific therapeutic approaches for multiple sclerosis: Systematic review.PloS one · 2025Pooled it
- Multiple sclerosis: molecular pathogenesis and therapeutic intervention.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- Evolving understanding of autoimmune mechanisms and new therapeutic strategies of autoimmune disorders.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- MIF contribution to progressive brain diseases.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Review
- Review
- Novel therapeutic for multiple sclerosis protects white matter function in EAE mouse model.Frontiers in molecular medicine · 2023Article
- Review of potential medical treatments for middle ear cholesteatoma.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2022Review
- "Near Cure" treatment of severe acute EAE in MIF-1-deficient female and male mice with a bifunctional MHCII-derived molecular construct.Cellular immunology · 2022Article
- Brief report: Enhanced DRα1-mMOG-35-55 treatment of severe EAE in MIF-1-deficient male mice.Cellular immunology · 2021Article
- Antigen-Specific Treatment Modalities in MS: The Past, the Present, and the Future.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Partial MHC/neuroantigen peptide constructs attenuate methamphetamine-seeking and brain chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 levels in rats.European journal of pharmacology · 2020Article
- Surviving the storm: Dealing with COVID-19.Cellular immunology · 2020Article
- Recent Advances in Antigen-Specific Immunotherapies for the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis.Brain sciences · 2020Review
- Induction of Antigen-Specific Tolerance in T Cell Mediated Diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Antigen-specific therapeutic approaches for autoimmunity.Nature biotechnology · 2019Review
- A novel neurotherapeutic for multiple sclerosis, ischemic injury, methamphetamine addiction, and traumatic brain injury.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2019Review
- Upregulation of CD74 and its potential association with disease severity in subjects with ischemic stroke.Neurochemistry international · 2017Article
- Partial MHC class II constructs as novel immunomodulatory therapy for stroke.Neurochemistry international · 2017Review
- Neuroimmunotherapies Targeting T Cells: From Pathophysiology to Therapeutic Applications.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2016Review
- Emerging immunopharmacological targets in multiple sclerosis.Journal of the neurological sciences · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Background. Recombinant T-cell receptor ligand 1000 (RTL1000) is a single-chain protein construct containing the outer two domains of HLA-DR2 linked to myelin-oligodendrocyte-glycoprotein- (MOG-) 35-55 peptide. Analogues of RTL1000 induce T-cell tolerance, reverse clinical and histological disease, and promote repair in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in DR2 transgenic, C57BL/6, and SJL/J mice. Objective. Determining the maximum tolerated dose, safety, and tolerability of RTL1000 in multiple sclerosis (MS) subjects. Methods. This was a multicenter, Phase I dose-escalation study in HLA-DR2(+) MS subjects. Consecutive cohorts received RTL1000 doses of 2, 6, 20, 60, 200, and 100 mg, respectively. Subjects within each cohort randomly received a single intravenous infusion of RTL1000 or placebo at a 4 : 2 ratio. Safety monitoring included clinical, laboratory, and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluations. Results. Thirty-four subjects completed the protocol. All subjects tolerated the 2-60 mg doses of RTL1000. Doses ≥100 mg caused hypotension and diarrhea in 3 of 4 subjects, leading to discontinuation of further enrollment. Conclusions. The maximum tolerated dose of RTL1000 in MS subjects is 60 mg, comparable to effective RTL doses in EAE. RTL1000 is a novel approach for MS treatment that may induce immunoregulation without immunosuppression and promote neural repair.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.