ArticleInternational journal of hypertension2012
Cognitive functions and cognitive reserve in relation to blood pressure components in a population-based cohort aged 53 to 94 years.
Article in International journal of hypertension, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Discriminative performance of the clock drawing test for screening cognitive function in hypertensive patients aged ≥ 50 years: a cross-sectional study.BMC primary care · 2026Article
- Cognitive reserve and effects of air pollution mixture on cognitive function in dementia-free adults.Psychological medicine · 2026Article
- Investigating Modifiable Factors Associated with Cognitive Decline: Insights from the UK Biobank.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Essential hypertension: the specialist as part of therapeutic intervention.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2018Article
- Effect size for the main cognitive function determinants in a large cross-sectional study.European journal of neurology · 2016Article
- Cognitive reserve in stroke and traumatic brain injury patients.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2014Review
- A systematic review of type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension in imaging studies of cognitive aging: time to establish new norms.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2014Review
- Cognitive Function Is a Prognostic Factor for Mortality of Nursing Home Residents during a 3-Year Observational Period.Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders extraArticle
- Executive function in systemic arterial hypertension: A systematic review.Dementia & neuropsychologiaArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In 288 men and women from general population in a cross-sectional survey, all neuropsychological tests were negatively associated with age; memory and executive function were also positively related with education. The hypertensives (HT) were less efficient than the normotensives (NT) in the test of memory with interference at 10 sec (MI-10) (-33%, P = 0.03), clock drawing test (CLOX) (-28%, P < 0.01), and mini-mental state examination (MMSE) (-6%, P = 0.02). Lower MMSE, MI-10, and CLOX were predicted by higher systolic (odds ratio, OR, 0.97, P = 0.02; OR 0.98, P < 0.005; OR 0.95, P < 0.001) and higher pulse blood pressure (BP) (OR 0.97, P = 0.02; OR 0.97, P < 0.01; and 0.95, P < 0.0001). The cognitive reserve index (CRI) was 6% lower in the HT (P = 0.03) and was predicted by higher pulse BP (OR 0.82, P < 0.001). The BP vectors of lower MMSE, MI-10, and CLOX were directed towards higher values of systolic and diastolic BP, that of low CRI towards higher systolic and lower diastolic. The label of hypertension and higher values of systolic or pulse BP are associated to worse memory and executive functions. Higher diastolic BP, although insufficient to impair cognition, strengthens this association. CRI is predicted by higher systolic BP associated to lower diastolic BP.
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Registered trials
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