ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2012
Cytotoxic immunological synapses do not restrict the action of interferon-γ to antigenic target cells.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed.
- Defining lytic IFNγ for deciphering the CTL mechanism.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Article
- Lytic IFNγ is stored in cytotoxic granules and coreleased with granzyme B to mediate cytotoxic T lymphocyte killing.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Article
- Cytotoxic CD4Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- CD3xHER2 bsAb-Mediated Activation of Resting T-cells at HER2 Positive Tumor Clusters Is Sufficient to Trigger Bystander Eradication of Distant HER2 Negative Clusters Through IFNγ and TNFα.European journal of immunology · 2025Article
- Live imaging of paracrine signaling: Advances in visualization and tracking techniques.Cell structure and function · 2025Review
- Natural Killer cells at the frontline in the fight against cancer.Cell death & disease · 2024Review
- Agent-based model predicts that layered structure and 3D movement work synergistically to reduce bacterial load in 3D in vitro models of tuberculosis granuloma.PLoS computational biology · 2024Article
- Distinct spatiotemporal dynamics of CD8Cancer cell · 2024Article
- The spread of interferon-γ in melanomas is highly spatially confined, driving nongenetic variability in tumor cells.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Cytotoxic CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Adenosine A2a Receptor Antagonism Restores Additive Cytotoxicity by Cytotoxic T Cells in Metabolically Perturbed Tumors.Cancer immunology research · 2022Article
- Neoantigen Presentation and IFNγ Signaling on the Same Tumor-associated Macrophage are Necessary for CD4 T Cell-mediated Antitumor Activity in Mice.Cancer research communications · 2022Article
- Interferon-γ: teammate or opponent in the tumour microenvironment?Nature reviews. Immunology · 2022Review
- A Dual Promoter System to Monitor IFN-γ Signaling in vivo at Single-cell Resolution.Cell structure and function · 2021Article
- Article
- Modulation of the tumor micro-environment by CD8Current opinion in immunology · 2021Review
- Tissue-resident T cell-derived cytokines eliminate herpes simplex virus-2-infected cells.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2020Article
- T-cells producing multiple combinations of IFNγ, TNF and IL10 are associated with mild forms of dengue infection.Immunology · 2020Observational
- Long-distance modulation of bystander tumor cells by CD8Nature cancer · 2020Article
- Bystander IFN-γ activity promotes widespread and sustained cytokine signaling altering the tumor microenvironment.Nature cancer · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Following antigen recognition on target cells, effector T cells establish immunological synapses and secrete cytokines. It is thought that T cells secrete cytokines in one of two modes: either synaptically (i.e., toward antigenic target cells) or multidirectionally, affecting a wider population of cells. This paradigm predicts that synaptically secreted cytokines such as IFN-γ will preferentially signal to antigenic target cells contacted by the T cell through an immunological synapse. Despite its physiological significance, this prediction has never been tested. We developed a live-cell imaging system to compare the responses of target cells and nonantigenic bystanders to IFN-γ secreted by CD8+, antigen-specific, cytotoxic T cells. Both target cells and surrounding nontarget cells respond robustly. This pattern of response was detected even at minimal antigenic T-cell stimulation using low doses of antigenic peptide, or altered peptide ligands. Although cytotoxic immunological synapses restrict killing to antigenic target cells, the effects of IFN-γ are more widespread.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.