Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22545165›Full record

Trial reportPLoS neglected tropical diseases2012

Community risk factors for ocular Chlamydia infection in Niger: pre-treatment results from a cluster-randomized trachoma trial.

Abdou Amza, Boubacar Kadri, Baido Nassirou, Nicole E Stoller, Sun N Yu, Zhaoxia Zhou, Stephanie Chin, Sheila K West, Robin L Bailey, David C W Mabey and 5 more

Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00792922 (Research to Programs for Trachoma Elimination), which is not on this map. Cited by 34 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
34citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
4.5field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT00792922 phase4completednot on this map

Research to Programs for Trachoma Elimination: Antibiotic Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorJohns Hopkins UniversityRan2008 to 2014Enrolled128ConditionsTrachomaArmsAzithromycin
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

34 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Antibiotics for trachoma.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019
    Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Community Hand-Dug Wells for Trachoma: A Cluster-Randomized Trial.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2021
    Trial
  4. Trial
  5. Trial
  6. Anthropometry and Malaria among Children in Niger: A Cross-Sectional Study.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2018
    Trial
  7. Trial
  8. Trial
  9. Trial
  10. Trial
  11. Trial
  12. Importance of including borderline cases in trachoma grader certification.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2014
    Trial
  13. Trial
  14. Trial
  15. Trial
  16. Article
  17. Identifying Borderline Trachoma Grades Using a Three-Latent Class Model.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2025
    Article
  18. Trachoma.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2022
    Review
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.

Abdou AmzaProgramme National de Lutte Contre la Cecité, Niamey, Niger.
Boubacar Kadri
Baido Nassirou
Nicole E Stoller
Sun N Yu
Zhaoxia Zhou
Stephanie Chin
Sheila K West
Robin L Bailey
David C W Mabey
Jeremy D Keenan
Travis C Porco
Thomas M Lietman
Bruce D Gaynor
PRET Partnership
University of California, San Francisco · USLondon School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine · GBSan Francisco Foundation · USGlobal Brain Health Institute · USJohns Hopkins Medicine · US

Funding

CTSA: K12 COMPONENTKL2RR024130 · NCRR · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI JOHNSTON, S. CLAIBORNE · 2006 to 2011
$19.3M
Primary and Secondary Effects of Mass Antibiotic Distributions for TrachomaK23EY019881 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI GAYNOR, BRUCE D. · 2010 to 2014
$1.1M
NCRR NIH HHS KL2 RR024130NEI NIH HHS K23 EY019881NEI NIH HHS K23 EY019881-01
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundTrachoma control programs utilize mass azithromycin distributions to treat ocular Chlamydia trachomatis as part of an effort to eliminate this disease world-wide. But it remains unclear what the community-level risk factors are for infection.

methodsThis cluster-randomized, controlled trial entered 48 randomly selected communities in a 2×2 factorial design evaluating the effect of different treatment frequencies and treatment coverage levels. A pretreatment census and examination established the prevalence of risk factors for clinical trachoma and ocular chlamydia infection including years of education of household head, distance to primary water source, presence of household latrine, and facial cleanliness (ocular discharge, nasal discharge, and presence of facial flies). Univariate and multivariate associations were tested using linear regression and Bayes model averaging.

findingsThere were a total of 24,536 participants (4,484 children aged 0-5 years) in 6,235 households in the study. Before treatment in May to July 2010, the community-level prevalence of active trachoma (TF or TI utilizing the World Health Organization [WHO] grading system) was 26.0% (95% CI: 21.9% to 30.0%) and the mean community-level prevalence of chlamydia infection by Amplicor PCR was 20.7% (95% CI: 16.5% to 24.9%) in children aged 0-5 years. Univariate analysis showed that nasal discharge (0.29, 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.54; P = 0.03), presence of flies on the face (0.40, 95% CI: 0.17 to 0.64; P = 0.001), and years of formal education completed by the head of household (0.07, 95% CI: 0.07 to 0.13; P = 0.03) were independent risk factors for chlamydia infection. In multivariate analysis, facial flies (0.26, 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.49; P = 0.03) and years of formal education completed by the head of household (0.06, 95% CI: 0.008 to 0.11; P = 0.02) were associated risk factors for ocular chlamydial infection.

interpretationWe have found that the presence of facial flies and years of education of the head of the household are risk factors for chlamydia infection when the analysis is done at the community level.

trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT00792922.

Indexed as

AnimalsAnti-Bacterial AgentsAzithromycinChild, PreschoolChlamydia trachomatisDrug TherapyFemaleHumansInfantInfant, NewbornMaleNigerPrevalenceRisk FactorsTrachomaTreatment OutcomeAnti-Bacterial AgentsAzithromycin

Identifiers

PMID22545165
PMCPMC3335874
OpenAlexW2011228866

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.