ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2012
Involvement of Clostridium botulinum ATCC 3502 sigma factor K in early-stage sporulation.
Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed.
- Expression profiles of sporulation genes in multidrug-resistantExperimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2023Article
- The Physiological Functions of AbrB on Sporulation, Biofilm Formation and Carbon Source Utilization inBioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Sporulation Strategies and Potential Role of the Exosporium in Survival and Persistence ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Characteristics of the sigK Deletion Mutant from Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis Strain Bt-59.Current microbiology · 2020Article
- Article
- Sporulation and Germination in Clostridial Pathogens.Microbiology spectrum · 2019Review
- Genomics of Clostridium taeniosporum, an organism which forms endospores with ribbon-like appendages.PloS one · 2018Article
- Insights from the complete genome sequence of Clostridium tyrobutyricum provide a platform for biotechnological and industrial applications.Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology · 2017Article
- Article
- Article
- Diverse mechanisms regulate sporulation sigma factor activity in the Firmicutes.Current opinion in microbiology · 2015Review
- The Clostridium sporulation programs: diversity and preservation of endospore differentiation.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2015Review
- Article
- SpoIIID-mediated regulation of σK function during Clostridium difficile sporulation.Molecular microbiology · 2015Article
- Alternative sigma factors SigF, SigE, and SigG are essential for sporulation in Clostridium botulinum ATCC 3502.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2014Article
- Biotechnological applications of mobile group II introns and their reverse transcriptases: gene targeting, RNA-seq, and non-coding RNA analysis.Mobile DNA · 2014Article
- The CLO3403/CLO3404 two-component system of Clostridium botulinum E1 Beluga is important for cold shock response and growth at low temperatures.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2014Article
- σK of Clostridium acetobutylicum is the first known sporulation-specific sigma factor with two developmentally separated roles, one early and one late in sporulation.Journal of bacteriology · 2014Article
- Alternative sigma factor SigK has a role in stress tolerance of group I Clostridium botulinum strain ATCC 3502.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2013Article
- The spore differentiation pathway in the enteric pathogen Clostridium difficile.PLoS genetics · 2013Article
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5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A key survival mechanism of Clostridium botulinum, the notorious neurotoxic food pathogen, is the ability to form heat-resistant spores. While the genetic mechanisms of sporulation are well understood in the model organism Bacillus subtilis, nothing is known about these mechanisms in C. botulinum. Using the ClosTron gene-knockout tool, sigK, encoding late-stage (stage IV) sporulation sigma factor K in B. subtilis, was disrupted in C. botulinum ATCC 3502 to produce two different mutants with distinct insertion sites and orientations. Both mutants were unable to form spores, and their elongated cell morphology suggested that the sporulation pathway was blocked at an early stage. In contrast, sigK-complemented mutants sporulated successfully. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis of sigK in the parent strain revealed expression at the late log growth phase in the parent strain. Analysis of spo0A, encoding the sporulation master switch, in the sigK mutant and the parent showed significantly reduced relative levels of spo0A expression in the sigK mutant compared to the parent strain. Similarly, sigF showed significantly lower relative transcription levels in the sigK mutant than the parent strain, suggesting that the sporulation pathway was blocked in the sigK mutant at an early stage. We conclude that σ(K) is essential for early-stage sporulation in C. botulinum ATCC 3502, rather than being involved in late-stage sporulation, as reported for the sporulation model organism B. subtilis. Understanding the sporulation mechanism of C. botulinum provides keys to control the public health risks that the spores of this dangerous pathogen cause through foods.
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