ReviewMolecular aspects of medicine2012
Understanding age-related macular degeneration (AMD): relationships between the photoreceptor/retinal pigment epithelium/Bruch's membrane/choriocapillaris complex.
Review in Molecular aspects of medicine, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 563 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
563 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 977 citations in OpenAlex.
- Can MicroRNAs serve as reliable biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets in age-related macular degeneration? A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Recent Advances in Proteomics-Based Approaches to Studying Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- En face visualization of the outer choroidal vessels in regions with geographic atrophy.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- A critical role for mitochondrial dynamics in cigarette smoke condensate-induced RPE senescence.Free radical biology & medicine · 2026Article
- Associations of Cone Density and Choroidal Thickness with Age: A Cross-Sectional Study.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Bidirectional Retro mode differential imaging improves drusen boundary depiction in early and intermediate AMD: a pilot study.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- Photovoltaic Stimulation of Mouse and Pig Retina With Pyrolytic Carbon Microelectrodes Integrated on High-Density Silicon Solar Cell Arrays.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Murine models of neovascular AMD revisited: Mechanistic pathways, immune-metabolic crosstalk, and the impact of aging and sex.Experimental eye research · 2026Review
- Stress Inference in Retinal Pigment Epithelium in C57BL/6J Mouse.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Two-year treatment outcomes in neovascular age-related macular degeneration with type 3 macular neovascularisation.Eye (London, England) · 2026Article
- A human amelotin transgenic mouse model with calcified deposits similar to those in dry age-related macular degeneration.Experimental eye research · 2026Article
- Identifying Choroidal Neovascularization-Associated Genes with GenePlexus in a Protein-Protein Interaction Network.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Visual Functioning and Progression from Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) to Advanced AMD.Ophthalmic epidemiology · 2026Article
- Impact of Subretinal Drusenoid Deposits on Ellipsoid Zone-Related Thickness Metrics.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Choriocapillaris flow deficits and choroidal vascular index in the fellow eye of patients with central serous chorioretinopathy.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- Single-cell and spatial analyses reveal endothelial-macrophage inflammatory crosstalk in dry age-related macular degeneration.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- An siRNA targetingMolecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Article
- The role of STAT3-targeted therapy created with COLIVELIN in the cross-talk between IL6/JAK2/STAT3 and TGF-β/SMAD2/SMAD3 signaling in a hyperinflammation and ROS-induced in vitro AMD model and its effect on retinal apoptosis.International ophthalmology · 2026Article
- A literature review of macular holes in age-related macular degeneration: insights into the pathogenesis, prognosis and surgical outcomes.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Review
- Intravitreal faricimab pharmacokinetics assessed by PET imaging in a neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration rat model.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2026Article
503 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
There is a mutualistic symbiotic relationship between the components of the photoreceptor/retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)/Bruch's membrane (BrMb)/choriocapillaris (CC) complex that is lost in AMD. Which component in the photoreceptor/RPE/BrMb/CC complex is affected first appears to depend on the type of AMD. In atrophic AMD (~85-90% of cases), it appears that large confluent drusen formation and hyperpigmentation (presumably dysfunction in RPE) are the initial insult and the resorption of these drusen and loss of RPE (hypopigmentation) can be predictive for progression of geographic atrophy (GA). The death and dysfunction of photoreceptors and CC appear to be secondary events to loss in RPE. In neovascular AMD (~10-15% of cases), the loss of choroidal vasculature may be the initial insult to the complex. Loss of CC with an intact RPE monolayer in wet AMD has been observed. This may be due to reduction in blood supply because of large vessel stenosis. Furthermore, the environment of the CC, basement membrane and intercapillary septa, is a proinflammatory milieu with accumulation of complement components as well as proinflammatory molecules like CRP during AMD. In this toxic milieu, CC die or become dysfunction making adjacent RPE hypoxic. These hypoxic cells then produce angiogenic substances like VEGF that stimulate growth of new vessels from CC, resulting in choroidal neovascularization (CNV). The loss of CC might also be a stimulus for drusen formation since the disposal system for retinal debris and exocytosed material from RPE would be limited. Ultimately, the photoreceptors die of lack of nutrients, leakage of serum components from the neovascularization, and scar formation. Therefore, the mutualistic symbiotic relationship within the photoreceptor/RPE/BrMb/CC complex is lost in both forms of AMD. Loss of this functionally integrated relationship results in death and dysfunction of all of the components in the complex.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.