ArticleDevelopmental biology2012
The CSF-1 receptor ligands IL-34 and CSF-1 exhibit distinct developmental brain expression patterns and regulate neural progenitor cell maintenance and maturation.
Article in Developmental biology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 205 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
205 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 364 citations in OpenAlex.
- Macrophage-associated kinase signaling in atherosclerosis - a systematic review.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Pooled it
- Article
- Cytokine multimerization: when more is more and sometimes less.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy: experimental models and potential for treatment.Disease models & mechanisms · 2026Review
- Disruption of CSF-1 receptor-mediated metal ion homeostasis in the murine brain promotes neurodegenerative disease.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Article
- Protein kinases as therapeutic targets in Alzheimer's disease: challenges, insights, and new frontiers.Medicinal chemistry research : an international journal for rapid communications on design and mechanisms of action of biologically active agents · 2026Review
- CSF1R T567M mutation induces microglial dysfunction and synaptic impairment in patient iPSC-derived cerebral organoids of CSF1R-related disorder.Cell death discovery · 2026Article
- IL-34 in neurological homeostasis and its multifaceted roles in central nervous system diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Roles of Microglia in Synaptogenesis, Synaptic Pruning, and Synaptic Plasticity in Physiological Conditions and Central Nervous System Disorders.Current neuropharmacology · 2026Review
- Microglial colonization of the developing mouse brain is controlled by both microglial and neural CSF-1.The EMBO journal · 2026Article
- Astrocytic abnormalities in brain-specificChannels (Austin, Tex.) · 2025Article
- Mutation in the rat interleukin 34 gene impacts macrophage development, homeostasis, and inflammation.Life science alliance · 2025Article
- Thyroxine Treatment after Traumatic Brain Injury Suppresses Astrogliosis and Enhances Neuronal Recovery in Mice.Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association · 2025Article
- Excitatory-neuron-derived interleukin-34 supports cortical developmental microglia function.Immunity · 2025Article
- Single-Nucleus Transcriptomics Reveals Glial Metabolic-Immune Rewiring and Intercellular Signaling Disruption in Chronic Migraine.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- Neurons as Immunomodulators: From Rapid Neural Activity to Prolonged Regulation of Cytokines and Microglia.Annual review of biomedical engineering · 2025Review
- miR-484 in Hippocampal Astrocytes of Aged and Young Rats Targets CSF-1 to Regulate Neural Progenitor/Stem Cell Proliferation and Differentiation Into Neurons.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Article
- Review
- Intestinal epithelium-derived IL-34 reprograms macrophages to mitigate gastrointestinal tract graft-versus-host disease.Science translational medicine · 2025Article
145 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The CSF-1 receptor (CSF-1R) regulates CNS microglial development. However, the localization and developmental roles of this receptor and its ligands, IL-34 and CSF-1, in the brain are poorly understood. Here we show that compared to wild type mice, CSF-1R-deficient (Csf1r-/-) mice have smaller brains of greater mass. They further exhibit an expansion of lateral ventricle size, an atrophy of the olfactory bulb and a failure of midline crossing of callosal axons. In brain, IL-34 exhibited a broader regional expression than CSF-1, mostly without overlap. Expression of IL-34, CSF-1 and the CSF-1R were maximal during early postnatal development. However, in contrast to the expression of its ligands, CSF-1R expression was very low in adult brain. Postnatal neocortical expression showed that CSF-1 was expressed in layer VI, whereas IL-34 was expressed in the meninges and layers II-V. The broader expression of IL-34 is consistent with its previously implicated role in microglial development. The differential expression of CSF-1R ligands, with respect to CSF-1R expression, could reflect their CSF-1R-independent signaling. Csf1r-/- mice displayed increased proliferation and apoptosis of neocortical progenitors and reduced differentiation of specific excitatory neuronal subtypes. Indeed, addition of CSF-1 or IL-34 to microglia-free, CSF-1R-expressing dorsal forebrain clonal cultures, suppressed progenitor self-renewal and enhanced neuronal differentiation. Consistent with a neural developmental role for the CSF-1R, ablation of the Csf1r gene in Nestin-positive neural progenitors led to a smaller brain size, an expanded neural progenitor pool and elevated cellular apoptosis in cortical forebrain. Thus our results also indicate novel roles for the CSF-1R in the regulation of corticogenesis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.