ArticlePloS one2012
Differential brain development with low and high IQ in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Common and distinct cortical thickness alterations in youth with autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.BMC medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Exploring genetic variation that influences brain methylation in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.Translational psychiatry · 2019Pooled it
- Identifying individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder based on temporal variability of dynamic functional connectivity.Scientific reports · 2018Trial
- Reduced Symptoms of Inattention after Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation in Boys with and without Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2015Trial
- Current Perspectives on Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.Current molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Cumulative Effects of Resting-State Connectivity Across All Brain Networks Significantly Correlate with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2024Article
- Identifying individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder based on multisite resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging: A radiomics analysis.Human brain mapping · 2023Article
- Transdiagnostic connectome signatures from resting-state fMRI predict individual-level intellectual capacity.Translational psychiatry · 2022Article
- The interaction between infant negative emotionality and cognition predicts ADHD-related behaviors in toddlerhood.Infant behavior & development · 2022Article
- Top problems of adolescents and young adults with ADHD during the COVID-19 pandemic.Journal of psychiatric research · 2021Article
- Sex differences in the developing brain: insights from multimodal neuroimaging.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2019Review
- Article
- Rethinking Intelligence Quotient Exclusion Criteria Practices in the Study of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.Frontiers in psychology · 2016Review
- Article
- White matter microstructure predicts autistic traits in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2014Article
- Longitudinal MRI reveals impaired cortical thinning in children and adolescents prenatally exposed to alcohol.Human brain mapping · 2014Article
- Subthreshold attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is associated with functional impairments across domains: a comprehensive analysis in a large-scale community study.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2014Article
- Article
- Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder without comorbidity is associated with distinct atypical patterns of cerebral microstructural development.Human brain mapping · 2014Article
- Does IQ influence associations between ADHD symptoms and other cognitive functions in young preschoolers?Behavioral and brain functions : BBF · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and intelligence (IQ) are both heritable phenotypes. Overlapping genetic effects have been suggested to influence both, with neuroimaging work suggesting similar overlap in terms of morphometric properties of the brain. Together, this evidence suggests that the brain changes characteristic of ADHD may vary as a function of IQ. This study investigated this hypothesis in a sample of 108 children with ADHD and 106 typically developing controls, who participated in a cross-sectional anatomical MRI study. A subgroup of 64 children also participated in a diffusion tensor imaging scan. Brain volumes, local cortical thickness and average cerebral white matter microstructure were analyzed in relation to diagnostic group and IQ. Dimensional analyses investigated possible group differences in the relationship between anatomical measures and IQ. Second, the groups were split into above and below median IQ subgroups to investigate possible differences in the trajectories of cortical development. Dimensionally, cerebral gray matter volume and cerebral white matter microstructure were positively associated with IQ for controls, but not for ADHD. In the analyses of the below and above median IQ subgroups, we found no differences from controls in cerebral gray matter volume in ADHD with below-median IQ, but a delay of cortical development in a number of regions, including prefrontal areas. Conversely, in ADHD with above-median IQ, there were significant reductions from controls in cerebral gray matter volume, but no local differences in the trajectories of cortical development.In conclusion, the basic relationship between IQ and neuroanatomy appears to be altered in ADHD. Our results suggest that there may be multiple brain phenotypes associated with ADHD, where ADHD combined with above median IQ is characterized by small, more global reductions in brain volume that are stable over development, whereas ADHD with below median IQ is associated more with a delay of cortical development.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.