ArticleCarcinogenesis2012
Androgen hormone action in prostatic carcinogenesis: stromal androgen receptors mediate prostate cancer progression, malignant transformation and metastasis.
Article in Carcinogenesis, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- Development and prevalence of castration-resistant prostate cancer subtypes.Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.) · 2020Pooled it
- Differential expression and regulation of vitamin D hydroxylases and inflammatory genes in prostate stroma and epithelium by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in men with prostate cancer and an in vitro model.The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology · 2015Trial
- Androgen receptor signaling as a new target for intervention in acute myeloid leukemia.Blood advances · 2025Article
- Interactions between androgen and IGF1 axes in prostate tumorigenesis.Nature reviews. Urology · 2025Review
- Stromal androgen signaling governs essential niches in supporting prostate development and tumorigenesis.Oncogene · 2024Review
- Deciphering the Tumor Microenvironment in Prostate Cancer: A Focus on the Stromal Component.Cancers · 2024Review
- Caffeic acid phenethyl ester suppresses the expression of androgen receptor variant 7 via inhibition of CDK1 and AKT.Cancer gene therapy · 2024Article
- Androgen drives melanoma invasiveness and metastatic spread by inducing tumorigenic fucosylation.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Cell-by-cell quantification of the androgen receptor in benign and malignant prostate leads to a better understanding of changes linked to cancer initiation and progression.The journal of pathology. Clinical research · 2023Article
- The nerve growth factor-delivered signals in prostate cancer and its associated microenvironment: when the dialogue replaces the monologue.Cell & bioscience · 2023Review
- SEMA4A promotes prostate cancer invasion: involvement of tumor microenvironment.Journal of Cancer · 2023Article
- Stromal androgen signaling acts as tumor niches to drive prostatic basal epithelial progenitor-initiated oncogenesis.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Stromal AR inhibits prostate tumor progression by restraining secretory luminal epithelial cells.Cell reports · 2022Article
- New Insights and Emerging Therapeutic Approaches in Prostate Cancer.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
- Role of prostate stem cells and treatment strategies in benign prostate hyperplasia.American journal of clinical and experimental urology · 2022Review
- Androgen Receptor Activation in Glioblastoma Can Be Achieved by Ligand-Independent Signaling through EGFR-A Potential Therapeutic Target.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- The androgen receptor/filamin A complex as a target in prostate cancer microenvironment.Cell death & disease · 2021Article
- Resistance to Antiandrogens in Prostate Cancer: Is It Inevitable, Intrinsic or Induced?Cancers · 2021Review
- Androgen Receptor, Although Not a Specific Marker For, Is a Novel Target to Suppress Glioma Stem Cells as a Therapeutic Strategy for Glioblastoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Article
- The Role of Androgen Receptor in Cross Talk Between Stromal Cells and Prostate Cancer Epithelial Cells.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
It has been postulated that prostatic carcinogenesis is androgen dependent and that androgens mediate their effects primarily through epithelial cells; however, definitive proof of androgen hormone action in prostate cancer (PRCA) progression is lacking. Here we demonstrate through genetic loss of function experiments that PRCA progression is androgen dependent and that androgen dependency occurs via prostatic stromal androgen receptors (AR) but not epithelial AR. Utilizing tissue recombination models of prostatic carcinogenesis, loss of AR function was evaluated by surgical castration or genetic deletion. Loss of AR function prevented prostatic carcinogenesis, malignant transformation and metastasis. Tissue-specific evaluation of androgen hormone action demonstrated that epithelial AR was not necessary for PRCA progression, whereas stromal AR was essential for PRCA progression, malignant transformation and metastasis. Stromal AR was not necessary for prostatic maintenance, suggesting that the lack of cancer progression due to stromal AR deletion was not related to altered prostatic homeostasis. Gene expression analysis identified numerous androgen-regulated stromal factors. Four candidate stromal AR-regulated genes were secreted growth factors: fibroblast growth factors-2, -7, -10 and hepatocyte growth factor which were significantly affected by androgens and anti-androgens in stromal cells grown in vitro. These data support the concept that androgens are necessary for PRCA progression and that the androgen-regulated stromal microenvironment is essential to carcinogenesis, malignant transformation and metastasis and may serve as a potential target in the prevention of PRCA.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.