ArticleEndocrinology2012
17β-Estradiol inhibits iron hormone hepcidin through an estrogen responsive element half-site.
Article in Endocrinology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 109 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Iron and Muscular Damage: FEmale Metabolism and Menstrual Cycle During Exercise
Iron Status in Women With Infertility and Controls - a Prospective Case-control Study
Who cites it
109 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 203 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ferritin and transferrin predict common carotid intima-media thickness in females: a machine-learning informed individual participant data meta-analysis.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Intravenous ferric carboxymaltose in heart failure with iron deficiency (FAIR-HF2 DZHK05 trial): Sex-specific outcomes.European journal of heart failure · 2025Trial
- Testosterone induces erythrocytosis via increased erythropoietin and suppressed hepcidin: evidence for a new erythropoietin/hemoglobin set point.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2014Trial
- Animal models of anemia of inflammation: Methodological advances, limitations, and translational applications.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Sexual dimorphism of midbrain catecholaminergic metabolism revealed by neuromelanin-sensitive MRI.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Intermittent oral administration of iron oxide nanoparticles modulates iron homeostasis, hematological, inflammatory, and organ-specific responses in iron-deficient rats.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Exploring the mediating role of bone marrow fat in the liver iron-bone density relationship: A quantitative magnetic resonance imaging study.Osteoporosis and sarcopenia · 2026Article
- The role of iron in driving sex-biased differences in cancer.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2026Review
- Variations in serum ferritin levels in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome undergoing assisted reproduction.Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences · 2026Article
- Serum ferritin levels in a sample of older participants in the Greek HYDRIA survey: associations with sociodemographic and lifestyle parameters including dietary iron intake and Mediterranean diet score.The British journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Modulation of hepcidin synthesis: the core link in the bi-directional relationship between iron and obesity.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026Review
- Big data-driven establishment and bias comparison of serum ferritin reference intervals in Zhejiang Chinese adults using six algorithms.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Impact of maternal visceral leishmaniasis on sex-specific immune responses and pathogenesis in offspring following homologous infections.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Anemia, hematinic deficiencies, and hyperhomocysteinemia in younger and older oral lichen planus patients.Journal of dental sciences · 2026Article
- The estrogen-ferroptosis axis in postmenopausal osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and intervertebral disc degeneration: shared mechanisms and emerging evidence.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Cyclical fluctuations of iron biomarkers in women: Diagnostic implications for iron deficiency.Practical laboratory medicine · 2025Article
- Enterolignans Improve the Expression of Iron-Related Genes in a Cellular Model of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure: Cellular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2025Review
- Accelerated increase in ferritin levels during menopausal transition as a marker of metabolic health.Scientific reports · 2025Article
49 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Interaction of estrogen with iron at the systemic level is long suspected, but direct evidence linking the two is limited. In the present study, we examined the effects of 17β-estradiol (E2) on hepcidin, a key negative regulator of iron absorption from the liver. We found that transcription of hepcidin was suppressed by E2 treatment in human liver HuH7 and HepG2 cells, and this down-regulation was blocked by E2 antagonist ICI 182780. Chromatin immunoprecipitation, deletion, and EMSA detected a functional estrogen responsive element half-site that is located between -2474 and -2462 upstream from the start of transcription of the hepcidin gene. After cloning the human hepcidin promoter into the pGL3Luc-Reporter vector, luciferase activity was also down-regulated by E2 treatment in HepG2 cells. E2 reduced hepcidin mRNA in wild-type mice as well as in hemochromatosis Fe gene knockout mice. In summary, our data suggest that hepcidin inhibition by E2 is to increase iron uptake, a mechanism to compensate iron loss during menstruation. This mechanism may also contribute to increased iron stores in oral contraceptive users.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.