ArticleEnvironmental health perspectives2012
Maternal smoking during pregnancy and the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders, using data from the autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network.
Article in Environmental health perspectives, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- Maternal smoking and autism spectrum disorder: meta-analysis with population smoking metrics as moderators.Scientific reports · 2017Pooled it
- A Meta-Analysis of Maternal Smoking during Pregnancy and Autism Spectrum Disorder Risk in Offspring.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2015Pooled it
- Maternal Smoking and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-analysis.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2015Pooled it
- Article
- Article
- Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Offspring: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Where Do Neurodevelopmental Disorders Go? Casting the Eye Away from Childhood towards Adulthood.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Investigation of autism-related transcription factors underlying sex differences in the effects of bisphenol A on transcriptome profiles and synaptogenesis in the offspring hippocampus.Biology of sex differences · 2023Article
- A biomarker-based study of prenatal smoking exposure and autism in a Finnish national birth cohort.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2021Article
- DNA methylome perturbations: an epigenetic basis for the emergingly heritable neurodevelopmental abnormalities associated with maternal smoking and maternal nicotine exposure†.Biology of reproduction · 2021Review
- The association of in utero tobacco smoke exposure, quantified by serum cotinine, and Autism Spectrum Disorder.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2021Article
- Peripartum Antibiotics Exposure and the Risk of Autoimmune and Autism Disorders in the Offspring.Avicenna journal of medicine · 2021Article
- Maternal Prenatal Smoking and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Offspring: A California Statewide Cohort and Sibling Study.American journal of epidemiology · 2021Article
- Sex differences in the effects of prenatal bisphenol A exposure on autism-related genes and their relationships with the hippocampus functions.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Familial confounding of the association between maternal smoking in pregnancy and autism spectrum disorder in offspring.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2020Article
- The contribution of environmental exposure to the etiology of autism spectrum disorder.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2019Review
- Sex Differences in the Effects of Prenatal Bisphenol A Exposure on Genes Associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder in the Hippocampus.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Maternal smoking during pregnancy and autism: using causal inference methods in a birth cohort study.Translational psychiatry · 2018Article
- Investigating the effects of environmental factors on autism spectrum disorder in the USA using remotely sensed data.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2018Article
- Association between Beta-Sympathomimetic Tocolysis and Risk of Autistic Spectrum Disorders, Behavioural and Developmental Outcome in Toddlers.Open access Macedonian journal of medical sciences · 2017Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundReported associations between gestational tobacco exposure and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have been inconsistent.
objectiveWe estimated the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and ASDs among children 8 years of age.
methodsThis population-based case-cohort study included 633,989 children, identified using publicly available birth certificate data, born in 1992, 1994, 1996, and 1998 from parts of 11 U.S. states subsequently under ASD surveillance. Of these children, 3,315 were identified as having an ASD by the active, records-based surveillance of the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network. We estimated prevalence ratios (PRs) of maternal smoking from birth certificate report and ASDs using logistic regression, adjusting for maternal education, race/ethnicity, marital status, and maternal age; separately examining higher- and lower-functioning case subgroups; and correcting for assumed under-ascertainment of autism by level of maternal education.
resultsAbout 13% of the source population and 11% of children with an ASD had a report of maternal smoking in pregnancy: adjusted PR (95% confidence interval) of 0.90 (0.80, 1.01). The association for the case subgroup autistic disorder (1,310 cases) was similar: 0.88 (0.72, 1.08), whereas that for ASD not otherwise specified (ASD-NOS) (375 cases) was positive, albeit including the null: 1.26 (0.91, 1.75). Unadjusted associations corrected for assumed under-ascertainment were 1.06 (0.98, 1.14) for all ASDs, 1.12 (0.97, 1.30) for autistic disorder, and 1.63 (1.30, 2.04) for ASD-NOS.
conclusionsAfter accounting for the potential of under-ascertainment bias, we found a null association between maternal smoking in pregnancy and ASDs, generally. The possibility of an association with a higher-functioning ASD subgroup was suggested, and warrants further study.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.