ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2012
Evaluation and quantitation of intact wax esters of human meibum by gas-liquid chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
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38 citing papers in PubMed, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diurnal Variation of Tear and Meibum Lipids in Healthy Subjects.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026Article
- Abnormal meibum is associated with SREBF1 mutation and IFAP Syndrome-2.Experimental eye research · 2026Article
- Abnormal Meibum Is Associated WithmedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- One Step Closer to a Molecular Level Understanding of the Tear Film Lipid Layer by Surface X-ray Scattering.Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids · 2025Article
- Thermotropic phase transitions of binary mixtures of wax and cholesteryl esters relevant to tears.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2025Article
- Another Brick in the Wall of Tear Film Insights Added Through the Total Synthesis and Biophysical Profiling ofJournal of natural products · 2024Article
- Dysregulation of Lipid Metabolism in Aging Meibomian Glands and Its Molecular Markers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Article
- Human meibum and tear film derived cholesteryl and wax esters in meibomian gland dysfunction and tear film structure.The ocular surface · 2022Article
- Differential effects of dietary cholesterol and triglycerides on the lipid homeostasis in Meibomian glands.The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology · 2021Article
- Triacylglycerol lipidome from human meibomian gland epithelial cells: Description, response to culture conditions, and perspective on function.Experimental eye research · 2021Article
- Physiological effects of inactivation and the roles of Elovl3/ELOVL3 in maintaining ocular homeostasis.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2021Article
- Relation of Dietary Fatty Acids and Vitamin D to the Prevalence of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction in Japanese Adults: The Hirado-Takushima Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: What Have Animal Models Taught Us?International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Delineating a novel metabolic high triglycerides-low waxes syndrome that affects lipid homeostasis in meibomian and sebaceous glands.Experimental eye research · 2020Article
- Comprehensive profiling of Asian and Caucasian meibomian gland secretions reveals similar lipidomic signatures regardless of ethnicity.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Effects of sex (or lack thereof) on meibogenesis in mice (Mus musculus): Comparative evaluation of lipidomes and transcriptomes of male and female tarsal plates.The ocular surface · 2019Article
- Comparative Transcriptomic and Lipidomic Analyses of Human Male and Female Meibomian Glands Reveal Common Signature Genes of Meibogenesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Article
- On the pivotal role ofFASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2019Article
- Cyclic Change of Fatty Acid Composition in Meibum During the Menstrual Cycle.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeWax esters (WE) of human meibum are one of the largest group of meibomian lipids. Their complete characterization on the level of individual intact lipid species has not been completed yet. We obtained detailed structural information on previously uncharacterized meibomian WE.
methodsIntact WE were separated and analyzed by means of high-temperature capillary gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) in combination with low voltage (30 eV) electron ionization ion trap mass spectrometry (ITMS). 3D (mass-to-charge ratio [m/z] versus lipid sample weight versus signal intensity) calibration plots were used for quantitation of WE.
resultsWe demonstrated that GLC-ITMS was suitable for analyzing unpooled/underivatized WE collected from 14 individual donors. More than 100 of saturated and unsaturated WE (SWE and UWE, respectively) were detected. On average, UWE represented about 82% of the total WE pool. About 90% of UWE were based on oleic acid, while less than 10% were based on palmitoleic acid. The amounts of poly-UWE were <3% of their mono-UWA counterparts. SWE were based primarily on C(16)-C(18) fatty acids (FA) in overall molar ratios of 22:65:13. A pool of C(16:0)-FA was comprised of a 20:80 (mol/mol) mixture of straight chain and iso-branched isomers, while the corresponding ratio for C(18:0)-FA was 43:57. Interestingly, C(17:0)-FA was almost exclusively branched, with anteiso- and iso-isomers found in a ratio of 93:7.
conclusionsGLC-ITMS can be used successfully to analyze more than 100 individual species of meibomian WE, which were shown to comprise 41 ± 8% (wt/wt) of meibum, which made them the largest group of lipids in meibum.
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