ReviewCancer causes & control : CCC2012
Diabetes and cancer II: role of diabetes medications and influence of shared risk factors.
Review in Cancer causes & control : CCC, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 90 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and gastrointestinal neoplasm risk in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Pooled it
- SGLT-2i and Risk of Malignancy in Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Frontiers in public health · 2021Pooled it
- Glycemic control and the incidence of neoplasm in patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Endocrine · 2020Pooled it
- Association between dietary carbohydrate intake, glycemic index and glycemic load, and risk of gastric cancer.European journal of nutrition · 2017Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Cancer risk for patients using thiazolidinediones for type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis.The oncologist · 2013Pooled it
- The Bidirectional Relationship Between Diabetes and Cancer: Mechanistic Insights, Epigenetic Intermediaries, and Therapeutic Approaches.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2026Review
- Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Patients with Different Types of Thyroid Nodular Lesions Among Western Romanian Patients: A Comprehensive Clinical, Biochemical, and Hormonal Analysis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Metformin administration in prevention of colorectal polyps in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.World journal of clinical cases · 2024Article
- Article
- Burden of cancers attributable to high fasting plasma glucose in the Middle East and North Africa region, 1990-2019.Cancer medicine · 2023Article
- SGLT-2 Inhibitors in Cancer Treatment-Mechanisms of Action and Emerging New Perspectives.Cancers · 2022Review
- Review
- Macronutrients Intake and Stomach Cancer Risk in Iran: A Hospital-based Case-Control Study.Journal of research in health sciences · 2021Article
- Article
- Epidemiology: Pathogenesis, and Diagnostic Strategy of Diabetic Liver Disease in Japan.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- DPP4i, thiazolidinediones, or insulin and risks of cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus on metformin-sulfonylurea dual therapy with inadequate control.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2020Article
- Comorbid chronic diseases and cancer diagnosis: disease-specific effects and underlying mechanisms.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2019Review
- Hepatocellular carcinoma as a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in Japanese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.Journal of gastroenterology · 2019Article
- Metformin and blood cancers.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
An association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and cancer has long been postulated, but the biological mechanism responsible for this association has not been defined. In part one of this review, we discussed the epidemiological evidence for increased risk of cancer, decreased cancer survival, and decreased rates of cancer screening in diabetic patients. Here we review the risk factors shared by cancer and DM and how DM medications play a role in altering cancer risk. Hyperinsulinemia stands out as a major factor contributing to the association between DM and cancer, and modulation of circulating insulin levels by DM medications appears to play an important role in altering cancer risk. Drugs that increase circulating insulin, including exogenous insulin, insulin analogs, and insulin secretagogues, are generally associated with an increased cancer risk. In contrast, drugs that regulate insulin signaling without increasing levels, especially metformin, appear to be associated with a decreased cancer risk. In addition to hyperinsulinemia, the effect of DM medications on other shared risk factors including hyperglycemia, obesity, and oxidative stress as well as demographic factors that may influence the use of certain DM drugs in different populations are described. Further elucidation of the mechanisms behind the association between DM, cancer, and the role of DM medications in modulating cancer risk may aid in the development of better prevention and treatment options for both DM and cancer. Additionally, incorporation of DM medication use into cancer prediction models may lead to the development of improved risk assessment tools for diabetic patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.